Smaratungga Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.108

Sergei Kukharenko

引用次数: 0

The Embodiments of View: Simultaneous and Gradual Approaches in the Contemplative Typology of the Great Perfection 观点的体现:伟大完美的沉思类型学中的同步和渐进方法

Smaratungga Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.111

Eran Laish

{"title":"The Embodiments of View: Simultaneous and Gradual Approaches in the Contemplative Typology of the Great Perfection","authors":"Eran Laish","doi":"10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.111","url":null,"abstract":"The assertion of a state which is unconditioned and beyond temporal change creates unavoidable tensions for any Buddhist account that concerns the shift from worldly experience to a liberated one. The presence of such tensions can be found in the controversy between simultaneous (cig char; yugapad) and gradual (rim gyis; krameṇa) conceptions of the contemplative path and the state of liberation itself. This controversy found its early Tibetan expression in the so-called bSam yas debate, in which representative figures of both approaches argued about basic contemplative and soteriological issues. Later on, Klong chen pa, the renowned 14th century Tibetan teacher, explicated several contemplative typologies that included elements from both approaches. This research belongs to qualitative research using two interpretative perspectives, namely the Pragmatic attitude that focuses on the actual results of the scheme and the Transcendental point of view. The results showed that by examining the typologies and their presuppositions it becomes clear how the efficacy of each approach is closely related to individual capacities of practitioners. As such, the tension between simultaneous and gradual models is revealed as deeply contextual and not binary.","PeriodicalId":488740,"journal":{"name":"Smaratungga","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridge of Beliefs: Exploring Interfaith Harmony in Sukabumi, Indonesia 信仰之桥:探索印尼苏卡umi不同信仰间的和谐

Smaratungga Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.118

Devya Devya

{"title":"Bridge of Beliefs: Exploring Interfaith Harmony in Sukabumi, Indonesia","authors":"Devya Devya","doi":"10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.118","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, the topic of religious harmony has gained significant attention from the public. This phenomenon extends to the coexistence of Buddhists and Muslims in Nyompolong Village, Sukabumi, where community observations play a crucial role. This research aims to investigate the various forms and influencing factors contributing to religious harmony between Buddhists and Muslims in Nyompolong Village. Utilizing qualitative research methods, data collection involved observations, interviews, and documentation. Additionally, this study incorporates the \"trilogy concept\" introduced by Abdul Mukti Ali to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics at play. The findings reveal that the harmony between Buddhists and Muslims in Nyompolong Village manifests in various ways, such as collaboration in social and healthcare initiatives, communal deliberations, and a shared commitment to caring for one another and the environment. Several factors influencing harmony in the village stem from diverse sources, including environmental conditions, internal dynamics, community and religious leaders, as well as government involvement. These factors play a pivotal role in the socialization, cultivation, and sustenance of religious harmony within Nyompolong Village.","PeriodicalId":488740,"journal":{"name":"Smaratungga","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Buddhism in Agrarian Society of Rural Bengal: Perspectives of Belief Systems with a Focus on Ritual and Deities 孟加拉农村农业社会的佛教:以仪式和神为焦点的信仰体系视角

Smaratungga Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.110

Premangshu Chakrabarty, Rishita Biswas

{"title":"Buddhism in Agrarian Society of Rural Bengal: Perspectives of Belief Systems with a Focus on Ritual and Deities","authors":"Premangshu Chakrabarty, Rishita Biswas","doi":"10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.110","url":null,"abstract":"Buddhism was the State Religion of Bengal at least for more than four hundred years between mid of 8th century and 12th century during the Pala reign in Bengal. In the 2011 Indian census, the percentage of Buddhists in West Bengal was 0.31% while in Bangladesh less than 1% of the total population is now a follower of Buddhism. Most of the Buddhists were converted to Islam during the Sultanate rule in Bengal while Hinduism silently took over many of their shrines and deities. This paper is an attempt to revisit the cultural landscape of early Buddhism in Bengal along with a focus on the elements of Buddhist culture in folk life applying cultural geographical methodologies and examining the presence of Buddhist rituals and deities in agrarian society in sublime form. A literature review was followed by extensive fieldwork during festivities of the shrines of Hindu deities having a connection with early Buddhism of Bengal. Along with participant observation during ritualistic practices, interviews, and focus group discussion methods have been applied involving stakeholders to obtain qualitative data for analysis. The results reveal the various manifestations of the interplay between the process of universalization and parochialization in the dynamism of the evolving belief system of an apparently Non-Buddhist folk society of the present day, the root of the culture of which was exclusively Buddhist.","PeriodicalId":488740,"journal":{"name":"Smaratungga","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eco-Dhamma: Buddhist Philosophies for Environmental Stewardship in Sukabumi, Indonesia 生态法:印尼苏卡umi环境管理的佛教哲学

Smaratungga Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.119

Agung Bayuseto

{"title":"Eco-Dhamma: Buddhist Philosophies for Environmental Stewardship in Sukabumi, Indonesia","authors":"Agung Bayuseto","doi":"10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v3i2.119","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental damage is a complicated problem to be resolved in a short time. Environmental pollution in various countries including Indonesia is very alarming. Buddhism as one of the major religions in the world teaches its followers to always maintain, care for and clean the natural environment wholeheartedly. The Buddha has told his disciples the noble words related to ecology. The purpose of this research is to find out how Buddhism views on protecting the environment and its implementation at Vihara Widhi Sakti in Sukabumi City, West Java. This research uses qualitative research method based on data collection through participant observation, interview, and documentation study. The results and discussion of this research can be concluded that ecology in Buddhism, the Buddha often mentioned environmental issues to his students. This ecological issue in Buddhist terms is called Eco-Dhamma and Paticcasamuppada. While the implementation of environmental ecology in Vihara Widhi Sakti is carried out in the activity of cleaning the monastery and reducing waste based on the teachings of Buddhist values. Thus, this research helps illustrate that spirituality, religious values, and ancient teachings such as those found in Buddhism can have a positive impact in addressing the environmental challenges faced by modern society. It provides a basis for further developments in the field of study on the relationship between religion, ethics, and environmental conservation.","PeriodicalId":488740,"journal":{"name":"Smaratungga","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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