International journal of science & technoledge最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of the Whole Cell Vaccine Streptococcus agalactiae with Vector Artemia sp. for Streptococcosis Prevention in Nila Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"None Rusli, None Suryati, None Mulyati, None Patang","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i6/st2306-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i6/st2306-014","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the efficacy of the oral whole-cell vaccine of S. agalactiae with Artemia sp as a vaccine vector for prevention against Streptococcosis in tilapia fish. The fish seeds used in the study were 2-3 cm in size which did not carry S. agalactiae bacteria and were reared in jars with a volume of 3 liters as many as ten birds/jar. Giving the vaccine to fish orally by first soaking the vaccine in Artemia sp. The soaking times for the vaccine were 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. Parameters observed were relative percent survival (RPS), antibody titer value, total leukocytes, phagocytic index, and leukocyte differential. The results showed that the treatment between vaccines had no significant effect, while the treatment with the control vaccine had a significant effect (P<0.05). The highest RPS value was obtained in the vaccine soaking treatment in Artemia sp. for 30 minutes and 120 minutes, with a value of 93.33%. Furthermore, the RPS was 86.67% at 15 and 150 minutes of soaking and 80% RPS at 30 minutes of soaking. This shows that the level of vaccine protection against streptococcosis in tilapia fish is very high.","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy Evaluation on the Policy of Reducing the Use of Single-Use Plastic Bags (City of Banjarmasin)","authors":"None Dwi Nowo Martono, None Haruki Agustina, None Muthia Fitriana Hakim","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i6/st2306-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i6/st2306-013","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic is a common material in our economy because of its versatility and durability. It is one of the most challenging material mixes in recycling because of its multi-layered structure. Thus, from an environmental, sustainable, and biocompatible point of view, the use of layered packaging materials should be limited.&#x0D; In Banjarmasin City, plastic waste generation is growing along with the increasing population. As an effort to reduce the use of plastic, the Municipal Government of Banjarmasin became the first city to decide to ban the use of plastic bags.&#x0D; Evaluation of this policy is needed to provide information to the public about environmentally friendly packaging and provide information to policymakers to consider outreach to the community because environmentally friendly lifestyle habits are not in line with knowledge about the benefits of reducing plastic waste, as many people do not adopt a friendly lifestyle even though they have knowledge about the benefits that can be obtained if they reduce the use of plastic waste.&#x0D; Besides that, people's knowledge of the dangers of using plastic bags also needs to be increased because it will affect lifestyles that reflect environmentally friendly attitudes and tendencies to preserve the environment and minimize environmental pollution that still has the potential to come.&#x0D; In changing lifestyles that support the plastic reduction program in the City of Banjarmasin, the community needs more in-depth education or socialization from the Government regarding the benefits of reducing plastic waste.","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Implications of Bioaccumulation of PAHs in Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and Waterleaf (Talinum fruticosum) along the Imo River Watershed, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"None Jessica N. Anyahara, None C.O. Nwoko, None Dr. R. F. Njoku-Tony, None Dr. C.E Ihejirika","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i6/st2306-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i6/st2306-008","url":null,"abstract":"The health implication of PAHs has been of great concern due to its contamination of the food chain. This study was carried out to identify the health challenges associated with the bioaccumulation of PAHs in Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and Waterleaf (Talinum fruticosum) along Imo River Watershed, Imo State, Nigeria. A total of 8 soil samples (0-30cm) were randomly collected from different activity areas on the watershed and analyzed for the presence of the 16 US-EPA priority PAHs in both soil and vegetable samples. The analysis of PAHs in the soil and vegetable samples were carried out in accordance with EPA 8270: (GC-MSD) and the results revealed that amongst the 16 US-EPA priority PAHs, eight of them were detected in the soil and vegetable samples. The total concentration of PAHs detected in the soil and vegetable samples were Naphthalene(0.146mg/kg), Acenaphthylene(0.010mg/kg), Acenaphthene(0.210mg/kg),Phenanthrene(0.021mg/kg),Anthracene(0.041mg/kg),Flouranthene(0.130mg/kg),Pyrene(0.020mg/kg),Benzo(b)fluoranthene(8.641mg/kg) and Naphthalene(0.090mg/kg),Acenaphthene(0.011mg/kg),Fluorene(0.010mg/kg),Phenanthrene(0.230mg/kg),Anthracene(0.190mg/kg),Flouranthene(0.010mg/kg),Benzo(b)fluoranthene(2.711mg/kg),I(1,2,3-cd)PY(0.540mg/kg) respectively. The decreasing order for individual PAHs concentration in the soil and vegetable samples within the study area were Benzo(b)Flouranthene&gt;Acenaphthene&gt;Naphthalene&gt;Fluoranthene&gt;Anthracene&gt; Phenanthrene&gt; Pyrene&gt; Acenaphthelyne and Benzo(b) Flouranthene&gt;I(1,2,3-cd)PY&gt; Phenanthrene&gt; Anthracene&gt; Naphthalene&gt;Acenaphthene&gt; Fluorene&gt;Fluoranthene respectively. For both soil and vegetables, total PAHs concentrations recorded in Obowo zone were observed to be higher than Okigwe zone. The result also revealed high values of PAHs in the edible vegetable samples collected around abattoirs and abandoned waste dump. It is therefore evident from this study that abattoirs and waste dumps have the potential to emit huge amount of PAHs to soil resource, which is taken up by edible vegetables leading to several health challenges when the vegetables are consumed. Different exposure to PAHs results in immune function suppression, cataracts, kidney and liver damage, skin inflammation, asthma, nausea, vomiting, eye irritation, diarrhea, confusion, lung and other cancers and probably death in chronic cases. There is need for public education on the consumption of vegetables grown in and around abattoirs and areas dominated by waste dumps.","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imbalanced Dataset and Optimization Technique Use for Disease Treatment Default Prediction","authors":"None Owusu-Adjei Michael, None James Ben Hayfron-Acquah, None Twum Frimpong, None Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam, None Owusu-Debrah Nicholas, None Kofi Fofie","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-005","url":null,"abstract":"A critical component of predictive algorithm use is the performance evaluation metrics of algorithms used. Performance evaluations are influenced by output results obtained after extensive modeling. Many research works in machine learning domains are presently focused on improving predictive performance metrics of learning algorithms. Characteristically, real-world applications, especially in healthcare systems, have dataset classes that are extremely skewed towards one side (positive or negative). The challenge of predictive contributions from the minority class being overlooked by various machine learning algorithms is real. To address this challenge, different optimization techniques have been applied to enhance predictive performance metrics for evaluation. Many of these optimization techniques, such as under-sampling the majority class and over-sampling the minority class, lead to the loss or introduction of additional dataset information. Overcoming this challenge of information loss due to either oversampling or undersampling remains the focus of this research work. Therefore, this research work uses a novel optimization technique called class weight optimization to address this challenge. Results obtained showed that the optimum weight value for a trade-off between false positives and false negatives was 0.8553 for the minority class and 0.1447 for the majority class. However, in real-world applications like identifying disease treatment default patients, the ultimate goal is to identify Patients positive for default in treatment and this is achieved by a focus on learning techniques capable of improving recall score values. By using the class weight optimization technique, we obtained the following scores from performance evaluation: Precision score of 0.07, Recall score of 0.84 and f1 score of 0.13. Emphasis on achieving a higher recall score for our predictive model will ensure that a higher number of potential treatment default patients can be correctly identified for targeted interventions to reduce the risk of treatment default and its consequences.","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135090196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Changes of N-Alkanes in Water and Suspended Particulate Matter from Cross River Estuary, South-east Nigeria","authors":"None Patience Y. Nkom, None Inyang O. Oyo-Ita, None Samuel U. Ugim, None Orok E. Oyo-Ita","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-003","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies worldwide have attributed the seasonal variation in aromatic compound levels to changes in riverine discharges and rainfall, yet similar correspondence with n-alkanes distributions is scarcely undertaken. Assessment of the behavior of n-alkanes in water and suspended particulate matter from Cross River estuary, South-South Nigeria, with depth in reaction to anthropogenic pressure/hydrological cycles and their source contributions were carried out by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. Higher mean levels of n-alkanes in water and suspended particulate matter were recorded in the wet season than in the dry season, linked to the effects of higher wet precipitation and surface run-off as well as proximity to point sources where anthropogenic activities were at the peak of the rainy season. Evaluation of diagnostic indices values such as long-chain hydrocarbon/short-chain hydrocarbon, terrestrial aquatic ratio, carbon preference index, carbon maximum, proxy aquatic ratio, n-alkanes/C16 and unresolved complex mixture as well as multi-variate statistics [eg. Multiple linear regression and principal component analysis] revealed that vascular plant/wood combustion predominated with moderate-to-minor contributions from macrophytes, degraded oil, petrochemicals and algae/photosynthetic bacteria. Changes in hydrological parameters, including suspended sediment concentration, temperature, salinity, and anthropogenic pressure, influenced n-alkanes distribution in the estuary. &#x0D;","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135090080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Budgeting Analysis of the Fifty Percent Reduction in Acaricide Use and Adoption of Infection and Treatment Method on Pastoralists’ Cattle in Narok County, Kenya","authors":"None Dr. Mukholi Gabriel Tenesi","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-008","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-month prospective cross-sectional and simulation study was carried out to determine a partial budgeting analysis of infection and treatment method (ITM) using the Muguga cocktail vaccine with the fifty percent reduction in acaricide use on pastoralists cattle in Narok County, Kenya. The study was carried out in Osupuko and Loita sub-counties in Narok County. Partial budgeting analysis recorded positive net returns, an indication of the profitability of the ITM technology with fifty percent reduction in acaricide use. The ITM, with fifty percent acaricide use, realized a net return of Ksh.708.9 per immunized animal. This was significant because the information was generalized to the expansive Narok County. Thus, it can be concluded from the study that it is economically worthwhile to immunize cattle against ECF with fifty percent reduction in acaricide use in Narok County.","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Solar Powered Car (Electrical Car), Feasibility and Sustainability in Nigeria Using Imo State Polytechnics Umuagwo Site as a Case Study","authors":"None Njoku Nnaemeka Anthony, None Onuoha Barnabas, None Isioha D.O, None Osuchukwu C.L","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i5/st2305-007","url":null,"abstract":"The Design of a Solar Car was carried out, and its reality, feasibility, and workability in Nigeria were visualized. The sustainability was carried out by accessing and quantifying the optimal solar radiation in Nigeria using Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo Ohaji, Imo State site as a case study. The Solar radiation on a horizontal plan and an inclined plan was calculated and quantified and their various values were compared and it was discovered that the radiation on an inclined plan was higher. The optimal mean monthly global radiation was calculated and adopted. Due to the constant dynamic nature of a car, the optimal mean monthly daily average tilt angle was calculated and adopted as 15.390. The optimal mean monthly average daily tilt angle was used in the design of the car roof, such that the solar panel mounted on it will be inclined at 15.390 to ensure the maximum hardness of the optimal solar radiation. The solar energy generated is connected to the batteries via the solar charging controller. The battery connects two 12v by 100Am batteries in series. The batteries generate electric current to the D.C motor connected to the car gear through a pulley system mechanism. The gear powers and controls the movement of the car to any location.","PeriodicalId":488393,"journal":{"name":"International journal of science & technoledge","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135090201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}