BioScientific review最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Trends and Advances in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases","authors":"Muhammad Nouman Noor, Muhammad Nazir, Imran Ashraf","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.11","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques, namely machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have gained exceptional devotion in conducting the analysis of medical images because of their capacity to provide outstanding results that can compete with specialists. Despite the rise of artificial intelligence-based research on peptic ulcer diseases, limited reviews are available concerning this area. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed artificial intelligence techniques used for detecting and classifying gastrointestinal diseases in wireless capsule endoscopy images. Furthermore, this study investigates the tremendous potential for peptic ulcer disease that has been cited in the prior literature. The findings demonstrated the value of WCE picture analysis using machine learning and deep learning techniques. Additionally, further, limitations were found in the availability of datasets and assessment measures, which have an impact on the reproducibility of experiments.","PeriodicalId":487906,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific review","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological factors and patterns of maxillofacial trauma among school-going children: A cross-sectional study at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar","authors":"Usman Ayub Awan, Haseeb Ullah, Adil Sanan, Qintar Manzoor, Ayesha Ilyas, Shehrish Kamran, Shehrish Kamran, Zeeshan Siddique, Musa Ali Irfani","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.10","url":null,"abstract":"Maxillofacial trauma, such as superficial cuts and bruises, lacerations, and facial bone fractures, is a common health concern in youngsters. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to determine the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in school-aged children (5 to 16 years) with a history of trauma. The study was conducted at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. We excluded firearm injuries and maxillofacial trauma older than 15 days, whether treated or untreated, from the study. We enrolled 153 schoolchildren of both genders consecutively using non-probability sampling. To determine the etiology and nature of the trauma, we did radiographic confirmation utilizing many imaging modalities and comprehensive clinical assessments of the craniofacial region. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The results of our study indicate that falls are the leading cause of maxillofacial injuries among school-aged children. A total of 52 (16.3%) of the patients had maxillary fractures, 30 (19.6%) had mandibular fractures, 30 (19.6%) had zygomatic-maxillary complex fractures, 23 (15%) had dentoalveolar injuries, and 45 (29.4%) had soft tissue injuries. In our study, soft tissue injuries were most prevalent among school-aged children, followed by mandibular, zygomatic-maxillary complex, and maxillary fractures. To investigate the pattern and etiology of maxillofacial injuries, we stratified the data by age, gender, and kind of school. Our findings may aid in developing effective strategies for preventing and managing maxillofacial trauma in school-aged children. These findings emphasize the necessity for focused interventions to reduce the frequency of maxillofacial trauma among school-aged children.","PeriodicalId":487906,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific review","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of Controlling Iron Deficiency among Pregnant Women in the Peripheral Health Zones of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Luhunu Tamundele, Yumba Kasongo, Mutinsumu Mufeng, Mwanamoki Mbokoso, Luvandu Mbenza, Bashimbe Mugangu, Oscar K. Nsutier, Claudine Tshiama, Gédéon N. Bongo","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.12","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is the most widespread nutritional problem in the world. Its incidence rate is higher in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where it affects a large proportion of women and children. The problem is accentuated where intestinal parasitic infection and malaria are common and this increases the morbidity and mortality rate. The current study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies involved in the control system of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. This study comprised of a quantitative, cross-sectional, and analytical design. Two reference health structures were chosen, namely Kimbanseke General Reference Hospital and Kinkole General Reference Hospital. The sample size consisted of 250 pregnant women. The data collection involved hemoglobin, thick drop, and stool analysis to assess the hematological and health status of surveyed pregnant women. Moreover, a questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data. The chi-square test was used to compare the variables and logistic regression was used to determine the effectiveness of applied strategies in order to control iron deficiency. Respondents were assured about the confidentiality of their responses and interviews were conducted in a secluded setting. The findings showed that the predominant age group was 20-24 years (34.0%), while most respondents were in the second semester of pregnancy (49.6%). Furthermore, most respondents had a secondary education (69.2%), their main activity was selling (47.2%), and most of them were married (84.0%). The level of hemoglobin was less than 11g/dl in most of the respondents (55.6%), while 66% were multigravida with the space between pregnancy of 12-24 months (57.8%). The stool analysis of most respondents showed the presence of yeast (24%), although the presence of some parasites were observed as well. For the thick drop, most respondents were diagnosed with malaria (77.6%). The iron supplementation, deworming, and counseling during the antenatal sessions proved effective against iron deficiency anemia. Given the seriousness of the situation in pregnant women, it is necessary that these strategies of effectiveness must be applied for a good management of anemia.","PeriodicalId":487906,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific review","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135451382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Fungal Fermented Feeds on Broiler Chicken Growth Performance, Gut Morphology, and Gastrointestinal Tract Microecology: A Review","authors":"Farah Ahmad, Uzma Rafi, Imran Afzal","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.09","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the shortage of poultry feed ingredients and the resultant continuous increase in their prices, researchers have been looking for their alternatives. Agricultural wastes and by-products (such as wheat bran, rice husk, sour cherry kernel, palm kernel, cassava pulp, rapeseed meal, and corn meal) are among such alternatives, although they cannot be used directly due to their high crude fiber content. Fermentation is an evolving process that converts complex substrates into simpler molecules using bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It improves the nutrient content of feed ingredients. It is also used to ferment agricultural waste materials in order to improve their nutritional value, so they can be utilized as broiler feed. Moreover, it can provide an inexpensive feed source to poultry industry and convert waste materials into a useable product. Different bacterial and fungal strains are employed for fermentation. This review focuses on the use of fungal fermented agricultural waste-based feed and its effects on broiler chicken growth performance, gut morphology, and gastrointestinal tract microecology.","PeriodicalId":487906,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134968336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular Influenza Antiviral Drugs: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Resistance","authors":"Sidney Ley","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory infections responsible for significant mortality and morbidity around the world. Various factors, such as antigenic drift, allow influenza strains to avoid being fully suppressed by seasonal vaccines. This has led to the increased scrutiny of antivirals as treatment and prophylaxis options for seasonal outbreaks and potential pandemics. Unfortunately, many influenza antivirals suffer from a lack of adequate clinical trials, as well as a lack of toxicity data. This is especially true of umifenovir (arbidol), a drug popularly used for the prevention and treatment of influenza strains in China and Russia. Neuraminidase inhibitors, though widely prescribed, display a potential for future resistance. Adamantanes, while proven to be effective in treating influenza A, are already encountering rapid and widespread cross-resistance and are effectively obsolete. Baloxavir marboxil, a newer antiviral, shows promise in treating acute uncomplicated influenza and may avoid the development of resistance when co-administered with other antiviral drugs. Indeed, the low genetic barrier to resistance associated with influenza antivirals could potentially be overcome by co-administration with other antivirals. This review explores the most widely prescribed antivirals for influenza treatment, their mechanisms of action, and the data currently available about their susceptibility to resistance and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":487906,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136284053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}