Садоводство и виноградарство最新文献

{"title":"Phenological phases of &lt;i&gt;Weigela×wagneri&lt;/i&gt; L. H. Bailey under conditions of humid subtropics in Russia","authors":"V. I. Malyarovskaya, G. A. Soltani, A. V. Kelina","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-32-40","url":null,"abstract":"Weigela varieties of hybrid origin, known as Weigela hortensis (W. hortensis C.A. Mey) or <i>Weigela×wagneri</i> (W.wagneri L. H. Bailey) are cultivated on the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Krai. A current range of this beautifully flowering shrub includes more than 150 varieties. However, only 24 grow in the region and are predominately selected in the early XX century and are rarely used in the landscaping of the resort town. Ornamental varieties of Weigela grow mostly in limited use areas (Sochi Arboretum, Subtropical Botanical Garden in Kuban region, Friendship Tree Garden Museum). The study aims at investigating the phenological phases of <i>Weigela×wagneri</i> L. H. Bailey under humid subtropical conditions of the Black Sea coast, Krasnodar Krai, to be used for the design of gardens with continuous flowering plants, as well as for breeding. The study was conducted in the period from 2013 to 2019 in the Friendship Tree Garden Museum and Subtropical Botanical Garden in Kuban region. The study involved 15 varieties of W.×wagneri. The authors established differences in phenological phases, including the start/end of growing season and flowering, duration of these periods, as well as the sums of effective temperatures required for these phases. The start of the growing season was established to vary from February 12 (Arlequin) with an accumulated sum of effective temperature of 261.2℃ to March 14 (Brictol Ruby) and a sum of temperature of 376.9℃. Differences between varieties in this phenophase account for 30 days. On the basis of the long-term average annual data, the varieties were divided into groups according to the floral initiation: early flowering (from April 14 to April 21) group included Arlequin, Gustave Malet, Mon Blanc, Newport Red, Venusta, Madame Lemoine; medium-flowering (April 22 to April 30) group included Lacepede, Ballet, Pavillon Blanc, Brictol Ruby, Madame Lemoine; Eva Ratke, Kosteriana variegata, Red Prince, Augusta were included into a late-flowering (from May 01 to May 06) group. According to the dates of the start and end of growing season, the varieties were divided into the following phenological groups: EE – Early starting (before Feb 12) and Early ending vegetation (before Dec 05); EL – Early starting (before Feb 12) and Late ending (after Dec 19); LE – Late starting (after March 4) and Early ending (before Dec 5); LL – Late starting (after March 4) and Late ending vegetation (after Dec 19).","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of using and breeding perennial geraniums in Russia","authors":"O. A. Sorokopudova, E. I. Khanumidi, O. V. Koryakina","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-41-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-41-47","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, interest has been growing in winter-hardy geraniums as ornamental, essential oil bearing, medicinal and bee plants, thereby intensifying their breeding. Due to their introduction into commercial fl oriculture, winter-hardy varieties of Geranium L. enter the markets of countries in diff erent climatic zones, and every year they are more and more widely used in fl oral design of gardens, parks and street areas, which expands their raw material base. Th e paper considers the issues and prospects of using and breeding perennial winter-hardy geraniums in Russia on the basis of global achievements. Th e diversity of species and varieties of this genus in terms of leaf and fl ower coloring, habitus, fl owering time, adaptation to diff erent soil and climatic conditions expands the ways of their use as ornamental and environmentally-friendly plants. Th e paper demonstrates the prospects of using many geranium species and varieties in medicine and functional nutrition due to the high content of polyphenols in extracts of above-ground and underground parts, as well as the prominent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancer eff ect. Creation of representative fi eld collections of geraniums by ecological and geographical origin and economic and biological characteristics, as well as development of nursery breeding will contribute to the selection of geraniums in Russia for various uses. Th e possibilities of creating interspecifi c hybrids by spontaneous and artifi cial crosses on the basis of fi eld collections of winter-hardy geraniums have not been exhausted yet due to suffi ciently high interspecifi c compatibility of a number of species and varieties, especially among species and varieties of Geranium subgenus. Th is is confi rmed by the data on origin of the created varieties and some studies of genomes of geranium species and varieties. Further focus areas of breeding will be formed not only taking into account the demands of gardeners, but also specialists in the fi eld of biochemistry, medicine and other branches of national economy, where geraniums are and will be used.","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature standards of honeysuckle varieties selected by the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources","authors":"L. V. Bagmet, N. G. Tikhonova","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Nomenclature standards of 17 varieties of honeysuckle selected by the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were developed under the Project on creation nomenclature standards for varieties of cultivated plants of domestic selection in the VIR. Plant material for herbarium specimens designated as nomenclature standards was gathered at the flowering and fruiting stages (2020, 2021) in the collection of the originator (Pushkinsk and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIR) in assistance of a cobreeder of these varieties. The herbarization process involves selecting variety-specific parts of the plant (flowers, vegetative and generative shoots, berries). A herbarium label specifies a herbarium code of the specimen in the VIR herbarium, a Latin name of the species, a name of the variety, an origin (name of the organization where the variety was created), a place of generation (where the herbarium plant was grown), dates of collection, names of collectors. Each herbarium specimen is supplemented with photographs of flowers and berries. The nomenclature standards were drawn in accordance with the recommendations of The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) as well as the VIR-developed protocol, and were registered in the VIR herbarium database. As a result of the study, nomenclature standards of the following honeysuckle varieties were created, formalized and deposited in the Herbarium of Cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR): Altair (WIR-97772), Amphora (WIR-97778), Bogdana (WIR-97780), Viola (WIR-97784), Volkhova (WIR-97785), Lebedushka (WIR97834), Malvina (WIR-97837), Morena (WIR-97838), Nympha (WIR-97839), Omega (WIR-97840), Pavlovskaya (WIR-97841), Pushkinskaya (WIR-97842), Slavyanka (WIR-97845), Sodruzhestvo (WIR-97847), Solovey (WIR97848), Souvenir (WIR-97975), Fialka (WIR-97978).","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"808 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduced resistant grape variety Frontenac Blanc","authors":"S. I. Krasokhina, N. V. Matveeva","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-25-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-25-31","url":null,"abstract":"Th e paper presents a variety trial and technological evaluation of the wine material from Frontenac Blanc grape, isolated as a color mutation in Canada plantations of the Frontenac Gris variety in 2006. Th e study was carried out in 2020–2022 in compliance with vitiviniculture recognized methodology in soil and climatic conditions of Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, a branch of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientifi c Centre, Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Vineyards are open-earth, rainfed, graft ed, with Kober 5BB rootstock, 3.0×1.5 m planting scheme, shaping: double-shouldered low (40 cm) horizontal cordon, short pruning on knots. Agricultural technology is standard, generally recognized. Frontenac Blanc is found to obtain high winter hardiness, promising for open-earth cultivation. Th e variety has good resistance to infections: to mildew (2.0 score), oidium (2.5 score); grey rot has not been observed. Th erefore, frequent use of pesticides is not required and vineyard maintenance is simplifi ed. Th e high level of sugars (248 g/dm3) and t itratable acids (10.4 g/dm3) in t h e juice ensures a harmonious wine with well-balanced acidity. Due to such characteristics, the variety is considered to be promising for the production of diff erent wine styles, including dry still, semi-dry, as well as sparkling and liqueur wines. Th e wine material from Frontenac Blanc presents a distinguishing character, bright fruit aromas, rich structured fl avor, and lingering fi nish. Th e average tasting score of the wine material comprises 8.6 points (on a 1–10 scale). Th e variety has a high yield (16 tonnes/ha), which does not adversely aff ect the quality of products. Frontenac Blanc is resistant to cold and early ripening period (120 days) and can be eff ectively grown in regions with previously limited production due to extreme climatic conditions. Considering that, an innovative development of the wine industry in areas with cool and uncertain climate possesses a high potential.","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of &lt;i&gt;Venturia inaequalis&lt;/i&gt; to fl uxapyroxad (Serkadis) in industrial plantations in the South of Russia","authors":"A. I. Nasonov, G. V. Yakuba, N. A. Marchenko, I. L. Astapchuk","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-48-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-48-53","url":null,"abstract":"Th e apple scab pathogen <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> is claimed to be the most commonly encountered pathogen of apple orchards in temperate climates. Traditional orchard protection based on repeated application of fungicides remains relevant. Widespread use of fungicides with narrowly focused action leads to a gradual selection of resistant pathogen biotypes, an increase in their share in the population and, subsequently, to a loss of eff ectiveness of chemicals. Monitoring the pathogen sensitivity to fungicides, including new ones that have appeared on the pesticide market relatively recently, such as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), constitutes an important aspect in the development of an anti-resistance orchard protection program. Th e present paper evaluates the sensitivity of the fungus to fl uxapyroxad using in vitro discriminatory concentration based on relative growth (RG) of mycelium on solid medium. Monospore isolates of the pathogen were grown on potato glucose agar with and without 0.25 μg/mL of fl uxapyroxad. Th e study involved a total of 106 isolates of the pathogen collected from two industrial appl e orchards. Th e mean RG values of these populations differed signifi cantly. Th e orchards with a history of active ingredient application demonstrated the presence of isolates with RG of mycelium above 70 and 80%, thereby indicating the development of resistance in them. In one of the orchards, the proportion of isolates at a discriminatory threshold of RG > 80 % was twice as high as in the other one. SDHI fungicides and in particular fl uxapyroxad refer to narrowly acting fungicides, which makes <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> highly probable to develop resistance to them. Th e present study is apparently the fi rst in Russia to demonstrate the presence of pathogen forms wit h reduced sensitivity to this active ingredient. Compliance with anti-resistant FRAC recommendations when using single-site fungicides and constant monitoring of the pathogen sensitivity to them form an important condition for their long-term use.","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature standards for raspberry breeding varieties of the Federal Scientifi c Breeding and Technological Center for Horticulture and Plant Nursery","authors":"S. N. Evdokimenko, A. M. Каmnev, M. A. Podgaetskiy, Yu. V. Burmenko, I. G. Chukhina","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-14-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-14-24","url":null,"abstract":"Th e great diversity of national and foreign raspberry varieties grown in nurseries poses great risks of variety confusion. Th e risks can be eliminated by introducing the standards of varieties. Th ese include nomenclature standards which are instrumental in comparing morphological characteristics, and, if necessary, genetic identifi cation that con- fi rms the identity of the selection product. To date, the nomenclature standards include seven raspberry varieties selected by the Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture for Siberia, ten varieties of raspberry selected by the Sverdlovsk Breeding Station of Horticulture and Novosibirsk Zonal Gardening Station. Th e breeders of the Federal Scientifi c Breed- ing and Technological Center for Horticulture and Plant Nursery in partnership with scientists of the Federal Research Center “N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources” have created nomenclature standards for fi ve raspberry breeding varieties under Contract No. 592-223-GR dated May 30, 2022 on the scientifi c project “National net- work collection of plant genetic resources for eff ective scientifi c and technological development of the Russian Federa- tion in the fi eld of genetic technologies.” Th e created varieties are represented by herbarium specimens consisting of four herbarium sheets of the Meteor (WIR-98342) and Peresvet (WIR-98349) varieties, three herbarium sheets of the Atlant (WIR-98341) and Podarok Kashinu (WIR-98400) varieties, as well as two herbarium sheets of the Poklon Kazakovu va- riety (WIR-98402). Th e herbarium sheets also include photographs of fl owers, fruits and canes. All nomenclature stand- ards are deposited in the Herbarium of cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weed plants (WIR) of the Federal Research Center “N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources,” and registered in the database “VIR herbarium (WIR).” Th e paper contains descriptions of morpho-biological and economic features and properties of these varieties, as well as a brief history of raspberry breeding in the Federal Scientifi c Breeding and Technological Center for Horticulture and Plant Nursery.","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of hydrothermal conditions one month before harvest and degree of maturity with the yield of sound apple fruit aft er storage","authors":"A. L. Nikitin, M. A. Makarkina","doi":"10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-54-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-4-54-63","url":null,"abstract":"The quality and storability of apple fruits depend on the apple variety and degree of maturity, as well as weather conditions of the growing season. For each pomological variety, the picking maturity of the fruit is individual. It depends on geographical and climatic area of cultivation, weather conditions of a particular season – the hydrothermal conditions of the active growing season (the sum of active temperatures, precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient (HTC)). Fruits should be harvested at the optimal maturity stage to ensure maximum duration of storage and preservation of fruit quality. The paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions one month before harvesting in different years (2014, 2016, 2018, 2019) on the yield of sound apple fruits of Priokskoye and Rozhdestvenskoe breeding varieties (the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding) after storage at +2 °С. A certain regularity was revealed in the yield of marketable fruits after storage, depending on hydrothermal conditions, 30 days before harvesting. Regression equations for Priokskoye and Rozhdestvenskoye varieties grown in central Russia were obtained on the basis of HTC indicators and the joint effect of the sum of active temperatures ≥ 10°C and HTC. The equations can be used to predict the yield of sound fruits after storage, by interpolating and extrapolating empirically obtained data.","PeriodicalId":485493,"journal":{"name":"Садоводство и виноградарство","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}