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Do State Laws Protecting Older Workers from Discrimination Reduce Age Discrimination in Hiring? Evidence from a Field Experiment. 保护老年工人免受歧视的州法律是否会减少雇佣中的年龄歧视？来自现场实验的证据。
IF 2.2 2区 社会学
Journal of Law & Economics Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/704008
David Neumark, Ian Burn, Patrick Button, Nanneh Chehras
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引用次数: 0
Does Intellectual Property Restrict Output? An Analysis of Pharmaceutical Markets. 知识产权限制产出吗?医药市场分析。
IF 2.2 2区 社会学
Journal of Law & Economics Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.1086/663345
Darius Lakdawalla, Tomas Philipson
{"title":"Does Intellectual Property Restrict Output? An Analysis of Pharmaceutical Markets.","authors":"Darius Lakdawalla,&nbsp;Tomas Philipson","doi":"10.1086/663345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/663345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standard normative analysis of intellectual property focuses on the balance between incentives for research and the static welfare costs of reduced price-competition from monopoly. However, static welfare loss from patents is not universal. While patents restrict price competition, they may also provide static welfare benefits by improving incentives for marketing, which is a form of <i>non</i>-price competition. We show theoretically how stronger marketing incentives mitigate, and can even offset, the static costs of monopoly pricing. Empirical analysis in the pharmaceutical industry context suggests that, in the short-run, patent expirations <i>reduce</i> consumer welfare as a result of decreased marketing effort. In the long-run, patent expirations do benefit consumers, but by 30% less than would be implied by the reduction in price alone. The social value of monopoly marketing to consumers alone is roughly on par with its costs to firms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/663345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32667013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Environmental liability and redevelopment of old industrial land. 环境责任与老工业用地再开发。
IF 2.2 2区 社会学
Journal of Law & Economics Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/649803
Hilary Sigman
{"title":"Environmental liability and redevelopment of old industrial land.","authors":"Hilary Sigman","doi":"10.1086/649803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/649803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many communities are concerned about the reuse of potentially contaminated land (brownfields) and believe that environmental liability is a hindrance to redevelopment. However, with land price adjustments, liability might not impede the reuse of this land. This article studies state liability rules-specifically, strict liability and joint and several liability-that affect the level and distribution of expected costs of private cleanup. It explores the effects of this variation on industrial land prices and vacancy rates and on reported brownfields in a panel of cities across the United States. In the estimated equations, joint and several liability reduces land prices and increases vacancy rates in central cities. The results suggest that liability is at least partly capitalized but does still deter redevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/649803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29210437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Federal policy and the rise in disability enrollment: evidence for the Veterans Affairs' Disability Compensation Program. 联邦政策和残疾入学人数的增加:退伍军人事务残疾补偿计划的证据。
IF 2.2 2区 社会学
Journal of Law & Economics Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/648385
Mark Duggan, Robert Rosenheck, Perry Singleton
{"title":"Federal policy and the rise in disability enrollment: evidence for the Veterans Affairs' Disability Compensation Program.","authors":"Mark Duggan,&nbsp;Robert Rosenheck,&nbsp;Perry Singleton","doi":"10.1086/648385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/648385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs compensates 13 percent of the nation’s military veterans for service‐related disabilities through the Disability Compensation (DC) program. In 2001, a legislative change made it easier for Vietnam veterans to receive benefits for diabetes associated with military service. In this paper, we investigate this policy’s effect on DC enrollment and expenditures as well as the behavioral response of potential beneficiaries. Our findings demonstrate that the policy increased DC enrollment by 6 percentage points among Vietnam veterans and that an additional 1.7 percent experienced an increase in their DC benefits, which increased annual program expenditures by $2.85 billion in 2007. Using individual-level data from the Veterans Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we find that the induced increase in DC enrollment had little average impact on the labor supply or health status of Vietnam veterans but did reduce labor supply among their spouses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/648385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40057554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Sex under the influence: the effect of alcohol policy on sexually transmitted disease rates in the United States. 影响下的性行为:美国酒精政策对性传播疾病发病率的影响。
IF 2.2 2区 社会学
Journal of Law & Economics Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/467453
H Chesson, P Harrison, W J Kassler
{"title":"Sex under the influence: the effect of alcohol policy on sexually transmitted disease rates in the United States.","authors":"H Chesson,&nbsp;P Harrison,&nbsp;W J Kassler","doi":"10.1086/467453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/467453","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents evidence that sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates are responsive to increases in alcohol taxes and in the drinking age. The presumed relationship is that a more restrictive alcohol policy reduces alcohol consumption, which in turn decreases risky sexual activity. Reduced‐form regressions of STD rates on state alcohol taxes for the years 1981—95 (with controls for state and year) indicate that a $1 increase in the per‐gallon liquor tax reduces gonorrhea rates by 2.1 percent, and a beer tax increase of $.20 per six‐pack reduces gonorrhea rates by 8.9 percent, with similar though more pronounced effects on syphilis rates. Quasi‐experimental analysis of alcohol policy changes supports these findings and offers evidence that increases in the drinking age reduce STD rates among youth. The estimated external cost of alcohol‐attributable STDs exceeds $556 million annually, a factor that could be considered in determining optimal alcohol policy.","PeriodicalId":48286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/467453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28247520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 151
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