Адаптивное кормопроизводство最新文献

PROBLEM OF AEROBIC STABILITY IN THE HARVESTING AND USE OF CORN SILOS 玉米筒仓收割和使用中的好氧稳定性问题

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-69-87

Nikolay Kuchin

{"title":"PROBLEM OF AEROBIC STABILITY IN THE HARVESTING AND USE OF CORN SILOS","authors":"Nikolay Kuchin","doi":"10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-69-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-69-87","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important problems of preserving corn silage is its aerobic stability in the process of harvesting, storage and using. It depends on the term and mowing height of plants, the milling degree, and the compaction of ramming, the hermetic nature of shelter, the duration of storage and the sampling rate during feeding. Spoilage of silage from aerobic instability leads to large losses of feed and the acquisition of properties dangerous to animal health. The best time for harvesting corn for silage is the phase of waxy ripeness of grain, in which plants contain the optimal amount of dry matter for silage and the maximum yield and concentration of nutrients in it. To increase the nutritional value of corn silage, the mowing height of plants is increased. However, the decrease in the yield of grass stand should be taken into account. The milling degree of plants varies depending on the moisture content of the raw material: the higher the moisture content, the larger particles size of silage mass should be. However, their largest size should not exceed 20 mm. To exclude aerobic instability, the silage mass must be compactly packed and sealed. Unsealing of the silage for feeding assumes such sampling rates that exclude aerobic spoilage. They are differentiated depending on the season of feed use: large when feeding silage in summer and smaller in winter.","PeriodicalId":478322,"journal":{"name":"Адаптивное кормопроизводство","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND DIRECTIONS BREEDING OF BENTGRASS (Agrostis L.) SPECIES 弯草(Agrostis L.)生物学特性及育种方向物种

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-31-49

Vladimir Zolotarev

{"title":"BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND DIRECTIONS BREEDING OF BENTGRASS (Agrostis L.) SPECIES","authors":"Vladimir Zolotarev","doi":"10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-31-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-31-49","url":null,"abstract":"The modern concept of crop production development, focused on the biologization of agriculture, provides for an increase in the diversity of plant species and varieties used, most adapted to the conditions of specific areas of their use and providing maximum ecological and economic effect. To do this, it is necessary to intensify the selection and seed-growing work on the breeding of new varieties of herbs with the simultaneous expansion of species representation. Representatives of the genus bentgrass (Agrostis L.) have a high biological potential, cenotic activity and productive longevity when creating artificial agrocenoses for various purposes. The article analyzes the features of the taxonomic classification of the genus Agrostis, biological features of the most promising bentgrass species for economic use. In the State Register of Breeding achievements approved for use in the territory of the Russian Federation as of 2023, 8 varieties of giant bentgrass (A. gigantea Roth.), 9 — creeping bent (A. stolonifera L.) and 7 — brown top (ordinary) (A. tenuis Sibth.). The last two types are mainly used to create lawns for various purposes. The most promising Agrostis species for establishing agrocenoses for fodder use, primarily in grassland farming in the Non-Chernozem Zone, is giant bentgrass. The article presents the results of breeding work of the Federal Scientific Center \"VIK named after V.R. Williams\" on the development of new varieties of giant bentgrass.","PeriodicalId":478322,"journal":{"name":"Адаптивное кормопроизводство","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SELECTION OF YELLOW LUPINE FOR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS 黄羽扇豆经济价值性状的选择

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-63-68

Maria Draganskaya, Pavel Lishchenko

{"title":"SELECTION OF YELLOW LUPINE FOR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS","authors":"Maria Draganskaya, Pavel Lishchenko","doi":"10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-63-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-63-68","url":null,"abstract":"An important stage in the creation of varieties with economically valuable traits is the selection of parental forms that have a general and specific combination ability, adapted to the cultivation area. The crosses carried out in 2020 with the involvement of parental forms of local selection showed that in the F1 hybrid nursery, out of 29 combinations of crossing in plant height, 9 (3-20 2a, 8-20 2c, 15-20 2c, 16-2 2c, etc. ) belonged to the group of complete dominance (1–9 times). By the number of pods on the main stem, the dominance ratio over the best parent was 1.4–15 times, and the total number of pods per plant was 1.2–11.3 times due to good lateral branching with fruiting pods. In the second generation F2, the effect of the total positive action of polymeric genes was not manifested in all combinations. In terms of height, transgression was preserved in hybrids 16-20 2c, 17-20 4c, 22-20 2c, 24-20 2c at the level of 12.5–23.6% with a frequency of occurrence of 6.6–17.7%. Without dominance in F1, the effect of transgression in F2 in height was manifested in 7 combinations with a high frequency from 11.4 to 24.3%. Transgressive forms according to the number of beans on the main raceme were obtained in 6 combinations (12.5–37.5%) with the occurrence of such plants at the level of 2.7–10.5%. By the number of beans in total on the plant, 4 combinations were identified both in dominance (F1) and in the second generation (F2): 16-20 2c, 17-20 2c, 22-20 2c, 25-20 2c with a degree of positive transgression of 48.6 %, 41.1, 19.2 and 17.6%, respectively. The selected new hybrid material, together with the parental forms, is being tested in the third generation nursery.","PeriodicalId":478322,"journal":{"name":"Адаптивное кормопроизводство","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICALLY USEFUL FEATURES OF RED TOP VARIETIES CHARA AND ALBA 红顶品种chara和alba的生物学和经济利用特性

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-50-62

Vladimir Zolotarev

{"title":"BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICALLY USEFUL FEATURES OF RED TOP VARIETIES CHARA AND ALBA","authors":"Vladimir Zolotarev","doi":"10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-50-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-50-62","url":null,"abstract":"From the genus bentgrass (Agrostis L.) red top (A. gigantea Roth.) is the most adaptive species. Red top varieties Chara and Alba have been created and registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the territory of the Russian Federation in the Federal Scientific Center \"VIK named after V.R. Williams\". The varieties are characterized by high adaptive potential and unpretentiousness. They are characterized by competitiveness when cultivated in poly-species grass mixtures. In the conditions of the Central region of Russia, the Chara variety forms high yields of green mass in the mode of triple mowing, up to 47.2 t/ha, dry weight 12.1 t/ha, which is 25.4 and 38.3% higher than the standard. The yield of seeds of the Chara variety from grass stands of the first year of use is 400 kg/ha, which is 36.8% higher than the standard. The Alba variety is characterized by increased drought resistance. Designed for lawn and pasture use. In the conditions of the Central Chernozem region, the yield of green mass is 27.3–34.5 t/ha, seeds — depending on the year of use of the herbage, 412–194 kg/ha. When lawn varieties are used, the density of shoots in the herbage of the second year of life can reach 76.0 thousand pcs/m2. In conditions of sufficient moisture, with the observance of lawn care technology, a high density of shoots can be maintained for 6 years. The varieties are resistant to disease.","PeriodicalId":478322,"journal":{"name":"Адаптивное кормопроизводство","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF PHYTOCENOSIS LONG-TERM HAYFIELDS DEPENDING ON APPLYING IMPROVEMENT METHODS 采用改良方法对长期干田植物群落组成的影响

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-24-30

Anna Rodionova, Ekaterina Sedova, Dalhat Teberdiev

引用次数: 0

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCTRINE OF V.R. WILLIAMS OF THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF MEADOW PRODUCTION (To the 160th anniversary of Academician Vasily Robertovich Williams) V.R.威廉姆斯草地生产科学基础学说的发展(致瓦西利·罗伯特·威廉斯院士诞辰160周年)

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-15-23

Kira Privalova

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCTRINE OF V.R. WILLIAMS OF THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF MEADOW PRODUCTION (To the 160th anniversary of Academician Vasily Robertovich Williams)","authors":"Kira Privalova","doi":"10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-15-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-15-23","url":null,"abstract":"The ideas of academician V.R. Williams served as the basis for the development of meadow science and meadow farming in our country. He gave a comprehensive assessment of the meadow as an element of the geographical agricultural landscape. He was interested in studies of meadow flora, its habitat, soils, natural meadows, and ways to improve them. At the Department of Soil Science and Agriculture of the Moscow Agricultural Institute, Professor V.R. Williams taught courses on meadow farming and forage plant culture. Research on meadow science and meadow farming was the foundation for the creation of a demonstration farm, a station, and the State Meadow Institute in 1922. Throughout the history of the Institute's development, they have remained and remain among its most important areas of scientific research. V.R. Williams proved the leading role of perennial grasses in the vital activity of meadow communities, in the productive and soil-forming processes. He introduced the concept of the types of tillering of cereals — rhizomatous, loose and dense. In the conditions of cultivated grassland, due to the long-term preservation of the first and second stages of the development of the meadow (rhizome and loose shrub), stable productive longevity of phytocenoses is ensured. An important merit of V.R. Williams is the study of the sod-forming process — the interaction of meadow vegetation with soil. The teaching of V.R. Williams about the turf process was a prerequisite for the development of a grass-field system of agriculture, as well as for the creation of short-term sown grass stands in grassland crop rotations.","PeriodicalId":478322,"journal":{"name":"Адаптивное кормопроизводство","volume":"75 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CONSERVATION OF LAND, SOIL FERTILITY AND PERENNIAL GRASSES FOR RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE (To the 160th anniversary of the birth of Vasily Robertovich Williams) 保护土地、土壤肥力和多年生牧草促进农业资源合理利用(致瓦西里·罗伯特托维奇·威廉姆斯诞辰160周年)

Адаптивное кормопроизводство Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-6-14

Ilya Trofimov, Lyudmila Trofimova, Elena Yakovleva

{"title":"CONSERVATION OF LAND, SOIL FERTILITY AND PERENNIAL GRASSES FOR RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE (To the 160th anniversary of the birth of Vasily Robertovich Williams)","authors":"Ilya Trofimov, Lyudmila Trofimova, Elena Yakovleva","doi":"10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-3-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"Vasily Robertovich Williams is an outstanding Russian scientist of global scale and responsible state approach to his work. He devoted his life to solving the most important problem of ensuring food and environmental security of the country. To achieve this goal, he set and solved the following tasks: scientific support of sustainable development and stability of domestic agriculture, agricultural lands and agricultural landscapes; balance of agriculture, crop production and animal husbandry; increasing soil fertility. His priority was the need to develop soil science in close connection with solving practical problems of obtaining high and sustainable yields of agricultural crops. V.R. Williams introduced many important elements into the Dokuchaev doctrine of soil and soil formation. He discovered new sides in understanding the soil, the importance of perennial grasses in the formation of soil fertility, created a new science about meadows, improved the basics of agricultural landscape management. His scientific works covered a wide range of issues of soil science, biology, geography, agriculture, meadow science, agricultural science. V.R. Williams founded the biological direction in the study of soils, developed the doctrine of the biological cycle of substances, about the essence of a single soil-forming process, about the organic matter of the soil. A significant contribution to the management and rational use of agricultural lands and agricultural landscapes is made by the grass-field farming system of V.R. Williams, which he named after his teachers — \"Dokuchaev – Kostychev – Williams\".","PeriodicalId":478322,"journal":{"name":"Адаптивное кормопроизводство","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0