Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities最新文献

{"title":"Passive cooling strategies in summer for office buildings in temperate clear sky climates. Assessment of effectiveness with Zero Energy Building's criteria.","authors":"Micaela D'Amanzo, Soledad Andreoni Trentacoste, Virginia Montiel, Alicia Betman, Carolina Ganem-Karlen","doi":"10.1115/1.4064022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Passive energy efficient design in dry climates with high heliophany can lead to a significant reduction in energy use while promoting occupant comfort. This paper presents an optimization in the performance of an office building with mixed-mode run, including night ventilative cooling and shading devices strategies to achieve nZEB requirements in summer. The building design integrates an efficient envelope and renewable energy generation from PV panels on-grid. On-site measurements were taken to collect hygrothermal data and energy demand information. Two office configurations were discussed, Open plan (PL2) and Individual office (BOX NW), both options with a high trend to overheat. For all orientations tested, multiple horizontal overhangs have better performance than vertical ones. Results from Net Energy Balance in Base model present a primary energy demand of 116 kWh/m2/year and the Optimization model of 55 kWh/m2/year. To conclude, the positive impact of the implementation of passive design strategies rises the comfort hours in use period in PL2 70% and in BOX NW a 55% and a decrease of 60% of primary energy demand.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"95 1s1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Control of District Cooling Energy Plant With Reinforcement Learning and MPC","authors":"Zhong Guo, Aditya Chaudhari, Austin R Coffman, Prabir Barooah","doi":"10.1115/1.4064023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We consider the problem of optimal control of district cooling energy plants (DCEPs) consisting of multiple chillers, a cooling tower, and a thermal energy storage (TES), in the presence of time-varying electricity price. A straightforward application of model predictive control (MPC) requires solving a challenging mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) because of the on/off of chillers and the complexity of the DCEP model. Reinforcement learning (RL) is an attractive alternative since its real-time control computation is much simpler. But designing an RL controller is challenging due to myriad design choices and computationally intensive training. In this paper, we propose an RL controller and an MPC controller for minimizing the electricity cost of a DCEP and compare them via simulations. The two controllers are designed to be comparable in terms of objective and information requirements. The RL controller uses a novel Q-learning algorithm that is based on least-squares policy iteration. We describe the design choices for the RL controller, including the choice of state space and basis functions, that are found to be effective. The proposed MPC controller does not need a mixed integer solver for implementation, but only a nonlinear program (NLP) solver. A rule-based baseline controller is also proposed to aid in comparison. Simulation results show that the proposed RL and MPC controllers achieve similar savings over the baseline controller, about 17%.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"3 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STOCHASTIC METHOD FOR GENERATING RESIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD ENERGY MODELS OF VARYING INCOME LEVEL AND CLIMATE ZONE FOR TESTING ENERGY FAIRNESS","authors":"Hannah Covington, Brian Woo-Shem, Chenli Wang, Thomas Roth, Cuong Nguyen, Hohyun Lee","doi":"10.1115/1.4063592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063592","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent developments in residential energy management necessitate testing of whether energy technology and policy fairly impact households of various income levels and locations. Considering income level is particularly important because increased utility bills put low-income households at higher risk of economic and health issues. This paper proposes a novel method for generating diverse household energy models of varying income levels and climate zones, which can be used to test the fairness impacts of residential energy developments. Models are stochastically generated using probability distributions based on data from national surveys. Included in the model are constant and time-variable features. Models capture the randomness inherent in the residential sector while still following realistic patterns of each income-climate group regarding building structure, appliance stock, and occupant behavior. Models were validated by comparing when, how, and how much energy is consumed by simulated versus real-life surveyed households. A total of 200 household models were simulated for the validation process, representing four climate zones and five income levels. Simulated energy consumption was plotted against survey data from the same income level, climate zone, and income-climate combination. Through correlation analysis and null hypothesis testing, it was determined that there is no statistically significant difference between simulated and surveyed energy consumption. For all cases considered, the correlation of the data is highly statistically significant. When validating all cases for income-climate classifications and individual climate zones, there was less than a 0.05% chance of uncorrelated data exhibiting such high correlation coefficients (r2), which ranged from 0.862 to 0.998. When validating models of each income level, this chance ranged from less than 0.05% to 0.194% with r2 values ranging from 0.816 to 0.984. A linear trendline was fitted to the data, and a null hypothesis test was performed to check if the slope statistically differed from 1. All cases tested resulted in a P value greater than 0.05 which, for a 95% confidence level, indicates that no significant difference can be determined. Because the plot of simulated versus survey data was very highly correlated and exhibited a slope statistically indistinguishable from 1, simulated household models were determined to represent real-life households with sufficient accuracy.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF AN AIR CONDITIONER WITH DEW POINT EVAPORATIVE COOLER","authors":"Sunil Kumar Gupta, B.B Arora, Akhilesh Arora","doi":"10.1115/1.4063498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063498","url":null,"abstract":"The vapor-compression based conventional split air conditioners (CAC) consume a large portion of total electrical power and pose an alarming threat to global environment. The present work aims to reduce cooling load and power consumption of CAC by employing a dew point evaporative cooler (DPEC). DPEC consists of a counter flow type heat and mass exchanger with alternate layers of dry and wet channels. The intake air is sensibly cooled before entering the cooling room through the evaporator coil of the air-conditioner. Also, the working air (a part of outlet air in dry channel), after absorbing sensible heat of intake air and water vapors from the wet channel surface, is allowed to pass across the condenser coils. The intake dry bulb temperature (T0 = 29-44°C) and specific humidity (ω0 = 6-22g/kg) are taken as input parameters. While the cooled air entering the evaporator decreases the cooling load on the conditioned space, the compression work is also reduced due to increased heat transfer in the condenser. The maximum reductions in cooling load and monthly energy consumption at T0 =44°C and ω0 = 6 g/kg are found as 59.54% and 340kWh, respectively. The average energy savings with the DPEC system for hot-dry climate (from April to June) and hot-humid climate (from July to September) of New Delhi, India are observed to be 479.6kWh and 79.1kWh, respectively. The proposed system is found to payback in about 2.7 years.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Energy Efficiency Benefits of Smart Glazed Overhangs for Office Buildings in France","authors":"Madeline Corlouer, Moncef Krarti","doi":"10.1115/1.4063393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The energy efficiency benefits of both static and dynamic overhangs made-up of smart glazing materials are assessed when deployed to windows of prototypical office buildings in France. The tint level and the tilt angle settings of overhangs made-up of smart glazing can be adjusted on an hourly, daily, and monthly basis with the main objective of minimizing the overall building’s annual energy consumption. In this study, annual energy end-uses for the prototypical office building equipped with smart glazed overhangs are compared to those obtained for the baseline case with no shading and the case with static opaque overhangs. The analysis results show that the use of opaque and smart glazed overhangs for office buildings in Paris could achieve annual whole-building energy savings of 1.36% and 4.12%, respectively, compared to no-shading case. Moreover, the energy efficiency benefits of the dynamic overhangs are found to depend on a wide range of design features and climatic conditions. It is found that energy savings incurred by the deployment of overhangs made-up of smart glazed materials increase with the window size. The evaluated smart glazed overhangs provide a low-cost alternative to the installation of high-performance windows, especially for existing commercial buildings.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue: Advances on Indoor Air Quality Systems for Healthy and Sustainable Buildings","authors":"AbdMonem Beitelmal, Jorge E Gonzalez-cruze, Zhiqiang Zhai","doi":"10.1115/1.4063499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063499","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue is an outcome of a Workshop “Impact of Sustainable Buildings in Arid Environment on the Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality,” held in Doha, Qatar, on May 17–19, 2022 with the participation of more than 50 experts in the field . We reported the highlights of the workshop in the February 2023 issue of this Journal [2]. There was a great response to the call for papers and eight manuscripts were accepted and selected for this Special Issue. These articles are authored by an outstanding roster of experts in their respective fields and tackle various research gaps that impact the quality of our indoor environments. The topics of this Special Issue spanned a large area that included the use of microchannels as a viable building insulation technique [3], enhancing the energy storage capabilities for solar-powered air conditioning systems [4], the impact of outdoor environment on the indoor air quality of commercial buildings using natural ventilation [5], utilizing machine learning for optimum manufacturing processes scheduling [6], utilizing a decision support tool for HAVC filters selection [7], Decarbonization through electrification [8] improving demand-response flexibilities in pharmaceutical buildings using optimization software, [9] and methodology for predicting the energy consumption of buildings using deep neural networks [10].","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dynamic Insulation Technique for Building Envelop by Using Microchannels","authors":"Shahin Shafiee, Hamed Dicko","doi":"10.1115/1.4063445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063445","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Initially designed for electronic system cooling, microchannels represent innovative technologies that can also be harnessed to augment the thermal resistance of building walls. When employed as an additional insulation layer within the building envelope, they have the potential to replace traditional insulating materials like wool, polystyrene, wood fiber, and cotton denim. This article explores modeling and simulation results pertaining to the performance of microchannels integrated into a standard building wall, aiming to provide dynamic thermal resistance for the building envelope. The simulations were conducted using aluminum microchannels featuring a rectangular profile, and various working fluids (air and water) were considered to assess system performance under different fluid conditions. To ensure laminar flow conditions in both working fluids, the Reynolds number was controlled within the range of 100–900 across multiple runs. The simulation and analysis outcomes underscore the viability of fluid flow through microchannels within building walls as a promising insulation technique capable of delivering dynamic thermal resistance and enhancing energy efficiency across diverse building types. Furthermore, the results emphasize that the utilization of water-based fluid within microchannels outperforms air-based fluid flow, particularly in terms of heat transfer and heat dissipation capabilities.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134950909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Natural Ventilation for Commercial Buildings with Atrium: Indoor Environment Prediction and Outdoor Pollutant Impact","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhai, Jack Baum, Danielle Griego","doi":"10.1115/1.4063444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063444","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of natural ventilation for commercial buildings becomes ever attractive due to the potential for economic savings and increased occupant satisfaction. However, it has proven to be particularly challenging to predict the indoor air temperature and airflow distribution from natural ventilation in more complex building geometries such as those with an atrium. This study used the energy-simulation-coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to predict the indoor temperatures of a typical multi-story, open-floorplan office building with a central atrium. The prediction accuracy using CFD was slightly improved for the periods with extreme outdoor conditions, where large temperature disparities often occur between simulation and experiment. For the tested cases, adjustment of window opening sizes seems to have marginal impacts on the simulation results. This paper further explores the impacts of outdoor gas-phase pollutants on indoor air quality of such a naturally ventilated commercial building with an atrium. A few architectural features such as window blockers and double skin façade (DSF) designs were numerically investigated for their performance to lower the indoor pollution levels while still maintaining adequate building ventilation rates. The results reveal that the features affecting the wind patterns around and above the building have a strong influence on the contamination rates on each floor of the building. DSF can not only reduce indoor pollution levels but also reduce the ventilation rate. When a pollutant source is not close to the building, a conventional central atrium design is preferred for better ventilation rates.","PeriodicalId":477436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering for sustainable buildings and cities","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134950908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}