Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prostate cancer in India: Current perspectives and the way forward","authors":"Bhargavi R., Barkha Khilwani, Bhumandeep Kour, Nidhi Shukla, Rajaguru Aradhya, Devendra Sharma, Maneesh Vijayvargiya, Abdul S. Ansari, V. Sugunakar, Praveen Mathur, Ashwani Mishra, Gopalakrishna Ramaswamy, Nripesh Sadasukhi, Jayaraman K. Valadi, Krishna Mohan Medicherla, Geetha Kumar, Rupert C. Ecker, Bhawana Bissa, T. C. Sadasukhi, Renuka Suravajhala, Nandita Mishra, Rune Mathiessen, Pranav Johri, Jyotsna Batra, Bipin Nair, Keshav K. Singh, Prashanth N. Suravajhala, Nirmal Kumar Lohiya","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_17_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_17_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the burgeoning cancers worldwide. Of late, the number of cases in the Indian subcontinent has been doubling and the incidence as per the population-based cancer registries (PBCR) has increased at an alarming rate. In assessing the trends of PCa, there needs a statistical framework on incidence, comparing PBCRs vis-a-vis with hospital-based cancer registries not only to that of cohorts from India but also to that of West and other consortia. Our erstwhile pilot study on inferring whole-exome sequencing variants has yielded distinct polymorphisms in the Indian phenotype of PCa. There are impending challenges and gray areas that we discuss in this review in lieu of PCa pathogenesis and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":477117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penetrance of missense mutation of OR2AT4 and OR9G1/9 gene polymorphism increases risk factor in azoospermic patients","authors":"Ajit Kumar Saxena, Meenakshi Tiwari, Mukta Agarwal, None Shalini","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_2_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_2_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In human, olfactory receptor (ORs) gene polymorphism regulate testicular development and physiological functions during spermatogenesis. However, the etiopathology of OR gene in male infertility is still restricted that required further studies. Basic mechanism involves the identification of peripheral signals based on specific chemoreceptors site that are expressed on the surface of mature spermatozoa inside the female reproductive tract. These receptors belong to G-protein couple receptors (GPCR) of superfamily and the roles of ORs gene linked to sperm chemotaxis through chemokinesis. In the present study, we have studied the role of Olfactory receptor family 2 subfamilies AT member 4 (OR2AT4) and Olfactory receptor family 9 subfamily G member 1/9 (OR9G1/9) genes polymorphism in clinically diagnosed azoospermic patients. Materials and Methods: Systematically, GTG banded karyotypes were developed using short term lymphocyte cultures, fluorescence in situ hybridization using SRY probe and PCR based microdeletion of Y-chromosome was characterized using STS marker (SY255). Whole exome sequencing (WES) based analysis was performed in azoospermic patients to identify the involvement of de-novo mutation in OR2AT4 and OR9G1/OR9G9 genes mutation followed by bioinformatics tools used for the analysis to identify changes in respective amino acids. Results: OR2AT4 showing missense mutation after substitution of nucleotide (G→A) followed by lack of change in amino acid (Gln→Gln), but in OR9G1/G9 gene showing changes of substitution of nucleotide thymidine into adenine (T→A), whereas valine is replaced by glutamine (Val→ Glu), similarly thymidine is substituted by cysteine (T→C), after decode phenylalanine is replaced by leucine (Phe→Leu). Further, 3D protein helical structure was developed with the help of bioinformatics on the basis of amino acids coded protein and compare with mutated amino acid or truncated protein residues with the help of iTASSER server. Conclusion: Present study demonstrate the role of OR2AT4 and OR9G1/9 gene polymorphism elucidates the functional role of protamine in ectopic receptors followed by increasing “risk” of developing male infertility that leads the clinical condition defined as non-obstructive azoospermia.","PeriodicalId":477117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling one-stop-shop integration of family planning and HIV services in Zimbabwe, 2021","authors":"Hamufare Dumisani Mugauri, Ishmael Chikondowa, Trevor Kanyowa, Mkhokheli Ngwenya, Moses Macheka, Munyaradzi Murwira, Alfred Zvoushe, Owen Mugurungi","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_4_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_4_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In October 2020, the Ministry of Health and Child-care Zimbabwe commenced integrating reproductive health with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services. Family planning (FP), sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and treatment, HIV testing services (HTS), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) services were offered through an integrated one-stop-shop model. The project aimed to address unacceptably high incidences of HIV and STIs among FP clients and demonstrate improved access and uptake of integrated services at dedicated FP centers. Materials and Methods: We conducted an intervention study. A service package of STI symptom screening and HTS (including HIV self-test [HIVST] primary and secondary distribution) was offered to all FP clients by multi-skilled nurses. Service uptake was measured pre and post-introduction of the intervention, before which services were provided by different nurses, in different rooms. HIV-diagnosed clients were linked to ART and eligible negative testers were offered PrEP. Service uptake was measured at 1 year of implementation against the same period before. Results: A total of 20,947 clients were recruited between October 2019 and September 2021, 9386 pre-intervention and 11,561 post-intervention. We observed a 5.2% total increase in clients seen and a 27.1% increase in the average uptake of all integrated services (FP, STI, HTS, PrEP, and ART). Most (93.5%) clients received oral contraception (Progestogen-only pills and combined-oral-contraceptives), while fewer (4.8%) received injectables and implants (1.1%). Following the intervention, STI screening increased by 30.2% (2730 vs. 11,028). HTS delivery increased by 38.9% and PrEP by 44.1%. HIV positivity yield increased significantly (10.1%, 62/615 vs. 16.6%, 813/4910) and linkage to ART improved by 44.4%. HIVST distribution contributed to improved access to HIV testing with 3754 FP clients accepting distribution compared with 4910 receiving HTS by nurses, provider-delivered testing was accessed by reactive self-testers. The project increased (?) improved linkage to preventive and treatment services and reduced missed opportunities associated with fragmented services. Conclusion: The integrated one-stop-shop model demonstrated improved service uptake during the intervention period. This project shows the benefits of integrated FP/STI/HTS/PrEP in Zimbabwe’s high HIV burden settings.","PeriodicalId":477117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}