Plant Health Cases最新文献

{"title":"Resistant Grapevine Varieties to Downy Mildew","authors":"I. Salotti, T. Caffi, G. Fedele, V. Rossi","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Downy mildew (DM), caused by the oomycete\u0000 Plasmopara viticola\u0000 , is one of the most important diseases of grapevine worldwide. Control of DM still largely relies on fungicide applications even though the call for agricultural sustainability makes of paramount importance the exploitation of human- and eco-friendly alternatives. Partially resistant varieties, which originate from the introgression of genes of resistance to DM from wild grapevines into the\u0000 Vitis vinifera\u0000 genome, may contribute to a less fungicide-dependent viticulture. In these varieties,\u0000 P. viticola\u0000 completes its life cycle on grapevine, but one or more stages of the disease cycle are affected, leading to reduced DM severity and/or slowed the progress of the epidemics in the field. This case study describes the origins of resistance genes and their exploitation in breeding programmes, the effect of resistance on the disease cycle and DM epidemics. A focus on integrated disease management in the vineyard of DM in relation to other fungal diseases is also provided.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Authors 2024\u0000","PeriodicalId":474361,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phoma Stem Canker (Blackleg) of Oilseed Rape (Canola) and Other Brassica Crops","authors":"Jonathan S. West, Kevin M. King","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":474361,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"75 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild Oat (\u0000 Avena fatua\u0000 ): Crop Mimicry and Herbicide Resistance","authors":"S. Sharpe, B. Tidemann, C. Geddes","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Wild oat (\u0000 Avena fatua\u0000 ) is a weed species that through crop mimicry survive in conventional managed farmlands, particularly in cereal crops such as wheat and barley. Adaptation of wild oat likely dates back around 9000 years when domestication of cereal species began in the Fertile Crescent and around the Mediterranean Sea. So far, wild oat has been described as a troublesome weed in 44 countries across temperate parts of the world. Wild oat reduces crop yields due to its competition for nutrients, water and light. Variable seed dormancy results in early maturing plants that add to the soil’s seed bank, and later maturing plants that contaminate the harvested grain. Since wild oat seeds resembles cereal grain, they are difficult to remove by mechanical seed cleaning. Seed lots contaminated with wild oat seeds are downgraded since it reduces the suitability as food and feed. Contaminated seedlots used for planting is a source of long distance spread of the weed. Herbicide application is an important part of wild oat control in areas with intensive wheat and barley production. Herbicide labels typically recommend the optimal size of wild oat seedlings and crop plants for best control. However, timing of an application can be difficult when wild oat plants are at different growth stages. The majority of herbicides are grouped according to the mode-of-action in cells of weed plants either inhibiting specific enzymes or entire metabolic pathways. Repeated use of herbicides with the same mode-of-action creates a selection pressure that can result in development of wild oat populations resistant to these herbicides. There is a direct relationship between the number of wild oat plants treated with herbicides and the risk of selecting for resistant plants. Thus, best management practices (BMP) aim to reduce the number of wild oat seed in the field, and include rotating between herbicides with different mode-of-action, and following recommendations on herbicide labels regarding plant growth stages and dosage. Cultural practices include rotating crop species and optimizing crop health, planting of weed-free seed, and cleaning of machinery between fields. Wild oat’s adaptations for crop mimicry and herbicide resistance make it problematic to manage but incorporating BMPs into an integrated approach can help.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.\u0000","PeriodicalId":474361,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"59 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impacts Associated with the Arrival of Apple Snail (\u0000 Pomacea canaliculata\u0000 ) in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya","authors":"K. Constantine, F. Makale, Idah Mugambi, D. Chacha, H. Rware, A. Muvea, Vincent Kipngetich, J. Tambo, Adewale Ogunmodede, Djami Djeddour, C. Pratt, I. Rwomushana, Frances Williams","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":474361,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Ever Happened to Neem Decline in the Sahel?","authors":"Eric Boa","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Neem is planted extensively in the Sahel and is a vital species in a region where harsh conditions provide limited options for planting trees. The reputation of neem as a valuable option for agroforestry was significantly damaged by reports of a steady decline of trees in Niger, first noted in 1990. Short-term studies up to 1996 quickly established that neem decline was also present in northern Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. The decline prompted the creation of the International Neem Network and the establishment of provenance trials for genetic improvement. No evidence was found for association with a pest or pathogen and neem decline became yet another poorly understood tree disorder of abiotic origin. There is some evidence to link neem decline to a prolonged drought in the Sahel even though such events had occurred before the 1990s without any reports of any similar effects on neem. There have been no further reports of neem decline in the Sahel or elsewhere, though there is increasing evidence that trees do not thrive in single stands. Neem decline may have dented the reputation of neem yet the tree is still popular in 2023. It would be wrong to assume that neem decline will never resurface in the current climate crisis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Author 2024\u0000","PeriodicalId":474361,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"68 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}