Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika最新文献

{"title":"The objective and subjective indicators comparative analysis for assessing social inequalities in regions","authors":"Andrey Merzlykov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises the problem of assessing the degree of sensitivity of the population in relation to the socio-economic situation in the regions, which lies in the fact that the population has its own idea of the state of affairs in the region, and these ideas are not always consistent with the official position of the regional decision-making authorities, as usually based on statistics. Such an assessment can be carried out through a comparative (comparative) analysis of objective (based on statistical data) and subjective (based on sociological data) indicators that characterize the state of social inequalities in the regions. The main results of a comparative analysis are presented on the example of assessing specific areas of life, such as the labor market, housing and the state of housing and communal services, the road transport system, healthcare, etc. fundamental research of the Center for the Sociology of Management and Social Technologies of the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which highlighted the close relationship between the sociocultural and socioeconomic levels of development of regions. A comparative analysis of subjective and objective indicators for assessing the state of social inequalities showed their linear-nonlinear relationship, i.e. in some cases, the subjective (sociological) assessment can be comparable with the objective one, formed on the basis of statistical data, in other cases, such an assessment is very different from the statistical data. As a result, the initial hypothesis was corrected, noting that a certain interdependence of the depth and severity of social inequalities was found in the regions, but it is unstable and depends on the region and the specific field of activity.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of investigating the spiritual and moral state of Russian society","authors":"Galina Bessokirnaya, Olga Bolshakova, Tatiana Karakhanova","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the spiritual and moral state of Russian society based on repeated studies conducted between 2003 and 2020 in the regional centres of seven regions of the Russian Federation. The study analyses self-assessments of religious feelings and the importance of values such as “moral qualities”, “religious faith” and “religious activity.” It also explores perceptions of moral norms and deviations from them, as well as the life orientations of various urban population groups. The value of “moral norms and morality” has been and remains important for the majority of urban dwellers, although its significance is gradually decreasing. The importance of values such as “religious faith” and especially “religious activity” is substantially lower, but they remain important for a minority. There is a correlation between the importance of “moral norms and morality” and the importance of “religious faith”. The spiritual and moral values of urban residents are reflected in their actual time spent on religious activities, that, however, is relatively modest. Urban dwellers’ perceptions of moral virtues as norms remain stable and identical for both working citizens and students. Among the dominant life orientations of urban dwellers are “material well-being”, “physical health”, “work for earnings”, “children”, and “marriage, family”. For the religious, values like “children” and “marriage, family” are more significant. Evaluations of various aspects of daily life practically do not differ between believers and non-believers. According to self-assessments of respondents, the moral state of Russian society is improving, despite signs of blurring distinctions between virtues and non-virtues as norms and deviations from norms observed between 2007 and 2020. However, evaluations of the moral state of Russian society by urban dwellers are lower than their assessments of the conditions of their daily lives and their social well-being. Negative assessments of justice in Russian society influence evaluations of its moral state. The preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values will contribute to the social adaptation of urban residents in the new social reality.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of social practices in drug abuse prevention: Russian and international experience","authors":"Elena Larina","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing mortality rate due to drug abuse, including among minors, the rising number of registered individuals with narcotic dependency syndrome, and contemporary characteristics of drug use underscore the social need for analysing drug abuse prevention practices in Russia and other countries. The article presents the results of a review of specialised statistical data and information sources, examining both liberalrestrictive and repressive anti-drug preventive measures. An analysis of current prevention strategies in foreign countries is conducted, including the USA, European countries, China, Japan, and South Korea, along with an examination of anti-drug preventive measures in Russia. The study reveals the greater effectiveness of prevention programmes using a liberal-restrictive approach, which focus on developing protective social skills, stress coping mechanisms, promoting positive interpersonal interactions, and fostering healthy intra-family relationships, in comparison to the repressive approach. The social practices of the latter are based on stricter penalties and intimidation, leading to increased covert drug use, heightened fears of seeking specialised help, exacerbated harmful consequences for users’ health, and a lack of reliable statistical data. The conclusion is drawn that to enhance the effectiveness of drug abuse prevention in Russia, it is advisable to critically evaluate and utilise the experience of countries that emphasise a restrictive approach. The focus should shift from intimidating and harshly punishing drug users to developing positive social skills and creating differentiated support and educational programmes for various population groups.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the scientific journals network in Russia: strategic, technological and organizational issues","authors":"Evgeny Semenov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"A complex of interconnected strategic, technological, and organisational problems in the development of scientific periodicals in Russia has been identified. The necessity of delineating an independent direction for policy-making and management of the system of periodic scientific publications, as a unified object of management within the strategic documents defining the scientific and technological policy and in the structure of state governance of the scientific and technological sphere, has been substantiated. Measures are proposed and justified to harmonise the national network of scientific journals with the forefront of ongoing scientific research in the country; to strike a balance between global and national languages of science while maintaining the visibility of Russian publications and authors at a global level; to promote self-organisation within science and reinstate the leading role of editorial boards and collegial forms of work; to subordinate infrastructure, the editorial-publishing process, and peer review to editorial boards.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and algorithmic solutions in the social sphere: youth attitudes","authors":"Mikhail Nazarov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the diffusion of digital innovations among the youth has been advancing at an accelerated pace. The article presents an analysis of the youth’s attitude towards the idea of using social ratings as one of the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic management in the social sphere. The empirical focus of the analysis was on representatives of student youth in three Russian cities - Moscow, Belgorod, and Kyzyl. More than half of the respondents in all regions indicated that the influence of AI technologies on people’s lives would have both positive and negative consequences. The analysis of a model situation - the possibility of widespread use of social ratings - reveals that about one-third of the respondents in all regions supported this idea. In the capital city, the majority of respondents did not support the idea of implementing algorithms for social ratings, while in other regions, the majority of those surveyed were undecided about assessing this issue. There is an increasing level of support and perceptions of fair evaluations of algorithms for social ratings as respondents move away from the capital city. Apparently, the overall digital advancement of the Moscow region is accompanied by an increase in perceptions of the ambiguous social consequences of using AI and algorithmic solutions, leading respondents to be more cautious in assessing the prospects of these technologies. The results of multivariate statistical analysis indicate that the differentiation of support/non-support for the idea of widespread use of social ratings is related to general attitudes towards new technologies, digital media consumption habits, value orientations, and specific characteristics of social demographics. The ambivalent assessment of the prospects of implementing social ratings and the perception of a significant portion of respondents towards algorithmic solutions as unjust highlight the need for balanced management decisions that prioritise human development and the humanitarian potential of society.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of risk readiness as a resource in women’s entrepreneurship","authors":"Anna Zorina","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the scale of women’s entrepreneurship highlights the interest in studying both the specifics of the phenomenon itself and the resource potential of its main subject – women entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is built on risk, and the readiness for risk largely determines the success and stability of a business. The aim of the analysis in this article is to determine how the sufficiency/insufficiency of the resource of risk readiness in women’s entrepreneurship is linked to a range of individually subjectively evaluated dispositions in one or another coordinate system. The task was to assess the productivity of introducing the concept of disposition (status) in risk-related research and to determine the presence or absence of differentiation among holders and those in need of risk readiness as a resource in women’s entrepreneurship. The empirical basis of the analysis is the data from the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE)”. The methodology of target group analysis is applied. The results of the exploratory study revealed differentiation in several indicators of emotional status, socialpsychological attitudes, financial status, value profile, and decision-making subjectivity in risk and uncertainty situations. Such results allow for considering them with a reasonable degree of certainty as interconnected with risk readiness. The methodological approach of considering dispositions as existing statuses of individuals in specific coordinate systems proved to be productive. A promising task in this regard is a deeper methodological and conceptual elaboration of the concept in connection with risk-related issues.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types of city dwellers’attitudes towards service robots in the city of Perm","authors":"Gyuzel Seletkova, Olga Burova, Olga Ganina, Elena Seredkina","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of robot implementation in various societal sectors depends not only on the robot’s technical characteristics but also on how different social groups perceive and interact with them. Social attitudes towards robots, in turn, are influenced by sociocultural and sociodemographic factors. In the context of the sociology of technology and actor-network theory, this research explores the social significance of technical devices, the processes of social adaptation, and communication with robots. However, empirical research on human-robot interaction (HRI), especially in the Russian context, remains limited. This article presents the results of a study that examines the perceptions of robots by actual and potential users in two aspects: the level of basic social attitudes towards new technologies and robots (social acceptability) and the evaluation of interactions with robots in specific situations (practical acceptability). The empirical basis of the study consists of survey data from customers at a multifunctional center providing state and municipal services in Perm. They received services from either a service anthropomorphic robot, Promobot V.4, or a human employee at the center. Using cluster analysis, three types (clusters) of attitudes towards innovations and robots were identified at the level of basic social attitudes: robo-skeptics, robo-phobes, and robo-philes. The social characteristics of these identified types were examined. The study introduces an original method for measuring satisfaction with actual interactions with service robots based on various parameters (evaluation of service convenience, communication quality, personal activity, willingness to recommend robot services, etc.). The study confirms the hypothesis of the connection between the type of attitude towards innovations and robots and the satisfaction with actual interactions with robots in specific situations. The lowest levels of satisfaction with robot interactions and the desire to avoid such interactions were observed among robo-phobes, who are more frequently represented by individuals of senior age group (age 55 and above). The research results allow determining the prospects for implementing service robots in the public space of a major Russian city based on understanding the social attitudes of users.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional value foundations of all-Russian identity: case study of the Northern Caucasus youth","authors":"Evgenij Avdeev, Sergej Vorob’ev","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of forming and sustaining all-Russian identity among the youth has become particularly relevant and significant in the context of increasing geopolitical risks and sociocultural confrontation. The value and ideological foundations of student identity vividly reflect the contradictions between two main sociocultural codes: traditional and modern. Resolving this contradiction may lead to increased stability in all-Russian identity or its gradual weakening. The research results indicate that the main elements of the traditional Russian value matrix retain their significance as the basis for all-Russian identity. The lack of significant differences in the assessments of respondents from the Russian and North Caucasian peoples, Orthodox and Muslim adherents, indicates the integrative role of traditional Russian values for people with different ethnocultural identities. In the hierarchy of identities, the local identity is prioritised for the respondents. This is followed by all-Russian civil, value-ideological, ethnocultural identity, and belonging to the “Russian world”. The attitude towards religion serves as a marker for value-ideological differences between traditionalists-collectivists and modernists-individualists. The research reveals statistically significant differences in the positions of non-religious respondents and believers. Respondents who do not associate themselves with any religious denomination have less pronounced ethnocultural and religious foundations of identity. The formation of traditional foundations for all-Russian youth identity is interpreted as evidence of a high degree of all-national consolidation in the polyethnic youth environment. The significance of traditional identification values indirectly confirms the partial depoliticisation of identity, as it transitions into the sociocultural dimension, that reduces the risks of ethnopolitical conflict.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social inequality as a political and managerial issue in the development of Russian regions. Part 2","authors":"Vladimir Bogdanov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a longitudinal study on the phenomenon of social inequality within the context of studying the domestic governance system, specifically through the assessment of the attitudes of the regional political and administrative groups toward the functioning of established regional governance systems and the evaluation of the accessibility of basic social institutions to the population. During the initial stage of the research, the results of preparing an integrated index of political and administrative activity group were presented, enabling the analysis of excessive social inequality in the regions of Russia. It was found that the developed system of indicators of political and administrative inequality in regions can be considered through the assessments of specially distinguished political and administrative groups. This was confirmed through trial measurements based on multinomial regression analysis. The article presents the final results of the study. Based on the configured empirical index, the evaluation of the functioning of the governance system in regions with different levels of socio-cultural modernisation is measured. These levels either facilitate or hinder: 1) maintaining the quality and accessibility of the region’s basic social institutions, and 2) creating conditions for civic and political activity, involving political and administrative groups in decision-making processes regarding regional development. Based on the research results, it is justified that the system of basic indicators for identifying and measuring social inequality in regions can be analysed through the assessments of specially distinguished political and administrative groups. However, it is crucial to consider the differentiation of regions based on levels of socio-cultural modernisation, as each group of territories exhibits unique types of excessive inequalities, contradictions, and issues. The proposed approach is useful for identifying negative trends that contribute to the activation of mass politics and for assessing the quality of public policy implementation in regions and territorial settlements.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of socio-economic and political situation in Russia by student youth of the southern region (based on regional studies)","authors":"Natalia Bineeva, Aleksei Magranov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of researching the perception of socio-economic and political processes in the country by the youth is driven by a social demand to understand the readiness of young people to participate in the country’s economic development, its political life, acceptable forms of migration and civic behaviour, and the level of protest potential. The aim of this article is to identify the interconnection of trends in evaluations by student youth regarding the socio-economic and socio-political situation with characteristics such as dependence on socio-psychological well-being, financial status, trust levels in political institutions and the political course, migration and protest attitudes. The empirical basis of the analysis comprises data from studies conducted among student youth of the Southern region of Russia from 2017 to 2022 by the Southern Russian branch of the FCTAS RAS. The analysis revealed the ambivalence of the state of public consciousness among student youth, both in their assessment of the socio-economic situation and the socio-political position in the country. Despite students’ uncertain future perceptions, their migration attitudes have hardly changed compared to 2017, aligning with nationwide tendencies. It was established that the student youth of the Southern region of Russia does not display significant interest in politics (similar to the broader Russian population), yet concurrently expresses a higher level of personalised trust in the President of Russia and the military, more so than in the overall political direction of the authorities. Ideas of social justice, freedom of speech, and expressing political stance resonate with students from the Southern region of Russia, as well as fostering friendly relations with the West. A trend was identified over the last 5 years of reduced ratings in the ability to express political views while having a high level of legal consciousness, alongside a growth in the acceptability of unlawful forms of protest due to increasing distrust in the government and its political course.","PeriodicalId":474102,"journal":{"name":"Sociologičeskaâ nauka i socialʹnaâ praktika","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}