{"title":"A Low-Power 30MHz ,6th Order Band-pass Differential Gm-C Filter on Chip Using Floating Current Source","authors":"Huseyin Demi̇rel, Arsen AHMED","doi":"10.55385/kastamonujes.1395608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55385/kastamonujes.1395608","url":null,"abstract":"A 30MHz center frequency, 6th order Butterworth and elliptic band-pass filter using a leap-frog Gm-C structure in this work. A continuous time differential voltage mode Gm-C biquad and its adjoin voltage - mode version are described, employing FCS (Floating Current Source) circuits as building blocks. The improved current source structure is simple and includes fewer transistors. This provides an effective use of the chip area and brings simplicity to the design of circuits. The proposed filter structure does not contain the resistor which is very important for integration. All capacitors in proposed filter are grounded which reduces the parasitic effects. The proposed filter has been successfully implemented by TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":473268,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the Changes in Airborne Ba and Mn Concentrations in Düzce City Center in the Last 40 Years with the Help of Cedrus atlantica Annual Rings","authors":"Sümeyya Uslu, Nurcan Yi̇ği̇t","doi":"10.55385/kastamonujes.1376637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55385/kastamonujes.1376637","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are pollutants that pose a great threat to humans, other living things, and the ecosystem. All barium (Ba) compounds, one of the most dangerous and harmful heavy metals, are poisonous. Manganese (Mn) is a harmful heavy metal that can cause hallucinations, fatigue, insomnia, weakness, forgetfulness, nerve damage, Parkinson's, and lung embolism. Therefore, observing the changes in Ba and Mn concentrations in the air is essential. \u0000This study aimed to determine the change of Ba and Mn heavy metals in the Cedrus atlantica tree based on direction, period, and organ. As a result, the annual rings of Cedrus atlantica show that the transfer of both heavy metals into the wood of Cedrus atlantica was limited. Therefore, the species is a suitable biomonitor that can be used to monitor the changes in Ba and Mn concentrations in the air. In addition, the study results revealed that the concentrations of both elements in the outer barks are quite high, and Ba pollution is primarily caused by traffic.","PeriodicalId":473268,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accumulation and transfer of P and K, macronutrient elements for plants, in Corylus colurna L. stem sections","authors":"Ş. Kulaç, K. Key","doi":"10.55385/kastamonujes.1374901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55385/kastamonujes.1374901","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most essential factors in plant development is the nutrient content in the soil. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), essential macronutrients in plant nutrition, are vital in plant growth and development. Therefore, although many studies have been conducted on these elements in agricultural plants, the number of studies on forest trees could be much higher. In particular, there needs to be more information about the accumulation and transfer of these elements in different plant tissues. This study examined the change and transfer of P and K concentrations in the Corylus colurna tree's trunk parts. Within the scope of the study, the differences in P and K concentrations in the Corylus colurna trunk were examined based on organ, direction, and period. As a result, the most elevated concentrations of both elements were in the barks; the difference in direction was not evident in the wood, and both elements could be transferred within the wood.","PeriodicalId":473268,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The feasibility of using annual rings to monitor changes in boron concentrations in air","authors":"B. Aricak, Ş. Kulaç","doi":"10.55385/kastamonujes.1371765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55385/kastamonujes.1371765","url":null,"abstract":"Boron is one of the most important elements on the agenda in recent years, both because it is a micronutrient for plants and because it is used in more than 250 fields in industry. Due to its intensive use and the continuous expansion of these areas of use, the concentrations of boron, which is produced more and more, are constantly increasing in receiving environments. However, boron, one of the important heavy metals, can cause significant health problems when inhaled from the air and taken into the human body. Therefore, monitoring the changes in boron concentration in the air is of great importance. In this study, the change of boron concentration in Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, Picea orientalis, Cedrus atlantica and Pseudotsuga menziesii species growing in Düzce, which is among the 5 most polluted cities in Europe, was examined on the basis of species, organ, direction and period in the last 40 years. The results of the study generally showed that boron concentrations did not change significantly on the basis of direction and year interval. Similarly, boron concentration in wood did not change significantly by species, whereas the change in boron concentration in bark was found to be statistically significant. According to the mean values, the lowest values were obtained in P. menziesii and the highest values were obtained in C. arizonica.","PeriodicalId":473268,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences","volume":"39 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructure and hardness properties of Ni-Si3N4 composite materials produced by powder metallurgy method","authors":"Hasaneen Houssai̇n, S. Islak, U. Çalıgülü","doi":"10.55385/kastamonujes.1357436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55385/kastamonujes.1357436","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of the amount of Si3N4 on the microstructure and hardness properties of nickel (Ni) matrix silicon nitride (Si3N4) reinforced composite materials was investigated. Si3N4 was added to Ni at 5%, 10% and 15% by volume. The samples were produced using cold pressing and pressureless sintering technique. The sintering temperature was 1200 °C and the sintering time was 1 hour. SEM-EDS and XRD analyzes were used for the microstructure and phase formation analysis of the composites. The densities of the composites were measured according to the Archimedean principle. To determine the effect of Si3N4 on hardness properties, the microhardness of the samples was measured as Vicker. It was determined from XRD analysis that Ni, β1 (Ni3Si) and ε-Ni3Si2 phases were formed in the microstructure. As the amount of Si3N4 increased, both the experimental densities and relative densities decreased, and the amount of pores partially increased. Due to the distribution strengthening effect of Si3N4 in the Ni matrix, there was an increase in the hardness values and the highest hardness was determined as 135 HV2 with the addition of 15% Si3N4.","PeriodicalId":473268,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}