Global biosecurity最新文献

Some Specific Biological Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Syrian Hamsters at Animal Biosafety Level - Lab 3 动物生物安全等级--3 号实验室中感染 SARS-CoV-2 的叙利亚仓鼠的一些特定生物风险

Global biosecurity Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.31646/gbio.228

Anna Vilkova, Islamov Rinat, N. Turebekov, Gabdulrafik Sarsengaliyev, Alisher Salavatov, Galina Kovalyova

{"title":"Some Specific Biological Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Syrian Hamsters at Animal Biosafety Level - Lab 3","authors":"Anna Vilkova, Islamov Rinat, N. Turebekov, Gabdulrafik Sarsengaliyev, Alisher Salavatov, Galina Kovalyova","doi":"10.31646/gbio.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.228","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted extensive research to identify its pathogenesis, transmission, and reservoir entry in animals. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are being identified as an ideal animal model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their susceptibility and respiratory symptoms similar to that observed in humans. This study focused on the specific biological risks associated with the use of infected Syrian hamsters in animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL-3) laboratories.\u0000The professional and psychological training of professionals working with laboratory animals should be a priority. Biological safety requires the involvement of all parties from technical staff to top management. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a limitation in experimental studies when obtaining the right strain of mice proved difficult. A rare experimental model of Syrian hamsters started to be used in the work, which Syrian hamsters have several distinctive characteristics associated with increased aggressiveness of females, leading to a requirement to keep them isolated and some technical difficulties during manipulations in the biological safety cabinet. Therefore, a risk-based approach must be introduced to reduce the additional risks to workers to an acceptable level. This includes enhanced accuracy in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), rigorously following biosecurity protocols, and monitoring staff health to detect potential risk of zoonotic transmission. The implementation of international standards and regulations on biological safety and biosecurity is of paramount importance.","PeriodicalId":472162,"journal":{"name":"Global biosecurity","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increase in febrile illness among children in mainland China, winter 2023 - 2024 2023 - 2024 年冬季中国大陆儿童发热疾病增加情况

Global biosecurity Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31646/gbio.244

Joel R Keep, D. Heslop

{"title":"Increase in febrile illness among children in mainland China, winter 2023 - 2024","authors":"Joel R Keep, D. Heslop","doi":"10.31646/gbio.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.244","url":null,"abstract":"In late 2023, mainland China reportedly saw a rise in respiratory illnesses, primarily among children. Officials from the Chinese Center for Disease Control attributed this increase to the circulation of known pathogens, including influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, and mycoplasma pneumoniae, to which the population had only limited exposure while strict “zero Covid” measures were enforced in recent years. However, outside observers raised concerns that a novel infectious agent could be circulating, and the World Health Organisation took the unusual step of publicizing a request for further information from Beijing. While no novel pathogen has been identified at the time of writing, this apprehension among the international press, and among some public health experts, is an instructive reminder of how unresolved issues relating to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 continue to impact international public health. Such reactions suggest that the political control of epidemiological data in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact on international collaboration, institutional trust and global health security. Resolving these issues is essential if the world is to be prepared for future infectious disease outbreaks of potential international concern.","PeriodicalId":472162,"journal":{"name":"Global biosecurity","volume":"50 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Illegal biolabs in the community - is Reedley a one-off? 社区里的非法生物实验室——里德利是个例吗?

Global biosecurity Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.31646/gbio.237

C Raina MacIntyre

引用次数: 0

Transforming the Medical Landscape: Applications of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Combating Infectious Diseases 改变医疗景观:机器人和人工智能在对抗传染病中的应用

Global biosecurity Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.31646/gbio.227

Swetha Saravanan

{"title":"Transforming the Medical Landscape: Applications of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Combating Infectious Diseases","authors":"Swetha Saravanan","doi":"10.31646/gbio.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.227","url":null,"abstract":"Robots have been developed for use in a variety of settings over the past decade. Examples of applications include rehabilitation and mobility, surgery, telepresence, and social assistance. These technological innovations have incredible potential in helping combat the spread of infectious diseases around the world. In this paper, the applications of robotics in diagnostics and surveillance, healthcare delivery, and vaccine development and research in regard to infectious diseases will be discussed. Recent advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence allow robots to perform more functions than ever before including processing real time data and making public health recommendations, detecting and tracking the presence of pathogens via robotic biosensors, and assisting in image-based diagnostics. In the healthcare setting, robots are able to assist in sanitation, hospitality, and the delivery of food and medications to patients. Robots have also assisted in the development and mass-manufacturing of vaccines during outbreaks such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, ethical considerations and technological limitations may ultimately determine how well robotics is received among the general public and medical community. The largest of these concerns pertain to privacy and data security, quality of care, and resource allocation. It is crucial for researchers, medical professionals, and public health officials to keep such aspects in mind as they continue to innovate and transform the medical landscape.","PeriodicalId":472162,"journal":{"name":"Global biosecurity","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decreased Legionnaires’ disease incidence in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2022 Legionnaires&减少,2020-2022年美国COVID-19大流行期间的疾病发病率

Global biosecurity Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.31646/gbio.201

Devarajulu Reddy, Diviya Alex, Christina Zonunmawii, Sabarish Prabhu, D.N. Dhiliban

{"title":"Decreased Legionnaires&rsquo; disease incidence in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2022","authors":"Devarajulu Reddy, Diviya Alex, Christina Zonunmawii, Sabarish Prabhu, D.N. Dhiliban","doi":"10.31646/gbio.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.201","url":null,"abstract":"Legionnaires’ disease was first detected in 1976 when an outbreak occurred in Philadelphia, USA. The number of cases reported to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) has been on the rise since 2000, likely due to expanded diagnostic testing and public awareness of symptoms. There was a notable decline of confirmed cases during the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveillance is important to understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and complications, and to quickly identify the outbreaks, new cases and epidemiologic links between cases. The EPIWATCH system scans vast amounts of open-source data to supplement surveillance when there is a lack of available case data. EPIWATCH reported approximately 28 cases during September to December 2020, 349 cases in 2021 and 114 cases during January to October 2022, which is a decrease in case numbers, possibly due to underreporting during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Annual case numbers may be 1.8 to 2.7 times higher than reported, due to potential underdiagnosis and the requirement for confirmation of infection source before a diagnosis can be made. Key words: Legionella; Legionnaires' disease; outbreak, USA","PeriodicalId":472162,"journal":{"name":"Global biosecurity","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135982595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in South Africa in 2022 2022年南非爆发克里米亚-刚果出血热(CCHF)

Global biosecurity Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.31646/gbio.203

Utkarsh Betodkar, Zonunsangi Khiangte, None Vanlalrengpuia

{"title":"An Outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in South Africa in 2022","authors":"Utkarsh Betodkar, Zonunsangi Khiangte, None Vanlalrengpuia","doi":"10.31646/gbio.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.203","url":null,"abstract":"Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a vector-borne disease caused by a tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) of the Bunyaviridae family. The onset of CCHF is sudden, with initial signs and symptoms including headache, high fever, back pain, joint pain, stomach pain, and vomiting. As the illness progresses, large areas of severe bruising, and bleeds can be seen, with case fatality as high as nine to 50%. This watching brief describes the Outbreak of CCHF in South Africa in 2022. There are 2 reported cases of CCHF in South Africa, in September 2022 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 50%. Second case was laboratory confirmed on 10th September 2022. Although there are currently only two CCHF cases reported in South Africa, the unknown source is of concern and should be considered a warning signal for increased numbers in the future. For prevention, individuals must avoid contact with the blood and body fluids of livestock or humans who show symptoms of infection. Agricultural workers and others working with animals should use insect repellent containing DEET (N, N-diethyl-m- toluamide) on exposed skin and clothing for preventing tick bites. It is important for healthcare workers to use proper infection control precautions to prevent occupational exposure. There is no safe and effective vaccine currently available for human use. Treatment for CCHF is primarily supportive, and appropriate treatment of secondary infections.","PeriodicalId":472162,"journal":{"name":"Global biosecurity","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135380193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0