China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020003
Don J. Wyatt
{"title":"States Follow Their Sovereigns: Sign and Symbol in Song Huizong’s Migration into Jurchen Captivity","authors":"Don J. Wyatt","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000No Chinese dynasty of the lengthy imperial era surpasses the Song in the amassed volume of oracular literature composed during its span that addresses its own predicted downfall. Much of what we now possess of this store of literature, which we can assume constitutes but a fraction of all that once circulated, derives from oral tradition. Most of this literature consists of prose anecdotes in the “brush jottings” (biji 筆記) vein and, through these as well as other sources, we can discern the outlines of at least three key contours of noteworthy consistency. First and foremost, we may observe that a preponderance of these oracular anecdotes foreshadowing the fall of Song either center on or otherwise involve the person and actions of a single individual—Huizong 徽宗 (r. 1100–1126), the ill-fated de facto last of the early or Northern Song (960–1127) emperors, who himself was physically transferred as a hostage and icon into enemy Jurchen captivity. Second, to the extent that they are really at all datable, most of these anecdotes postdate the extinction of the initial Song, suggesting of course that they are constructions composed after the fact as opposed to having ever been in any way definitively predictive. Third and finally, especially when contrasted with the comparatively fewer examples that augur the destruction of the Southern Song (1127–1279), this subgenre of predictive literature sheds valuable light even as it raises intriguing questions about how Chinese conceptions of sedition against and loyalism toward state and sovereign might have evolved between the distinctive times of the “two Songs.”","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"75 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140496857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020002
Peter Lorge
{"title":"Exporting Gunpowder to Eurasia","authors":"Peter Lorge","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Gunpowder and gun technology originated in China and their spread throughout Eurasia from the 13th to the 16th century was an example of the spread of Chinese culture. All of the basic forms of that military technology were fully developed in China before being transmitted outside of China, including the knowledge of how to acquire saltpeter, and that gunpowder only required sulfur, saltpeter, and charcoal. The disassociation of gunpowder and gun technology from its Chinese origins and as a material part of Chinese culture is due to the centrality of Western military technological superiority in the Western narrative explaining Western cultural superiority. That narrative is fundamental to the Western justification of imperialism, colonialism and Western global exploitation.","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"43 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020007
Noriko Unno
{"title":"China’s Muslims and Japan’s Empire: Centering Islam in World War ii, written by Kelly A. Hammond","authors":"Noriko Unno","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020005
Wing-kin Puk
{"title":"Soldier, Hostage, Diplomat: The Odyssey of Mao Guoke and the End of the Sixteenth-Century Korea War","authors":"Wing-kin Puk","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper explores the potentially scandalous truce between the front-line Ming and Japanese commanders in the last days of the sixteenth-century Korea War. Mao Guoke, a Ming officer, was “dressed up” as the younger brother of his senior commander Mao Guoqi and sent to Japan as a hostage. He returned after almost two years (1598–1600) expecting to be received as a hero but was dismissed as more of a “self-made hero.” This was because the Ming court preferred the “correct” version of the war: that it was ended not by negotiation but by the military victory of the Ming and Chosŏn Korea. Mao Guoke’s odyssey is an illuminating case of the interflow and mixture of information, true and false, amid the fog of war. The case also highlights the unique pattern of war and diplomacy in premodern times wherein front-line agents enjoyed and exercised autonomy to an extent that is unthinkable to modern minds.","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140496960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020004
David Robinson
{"title":"The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and Its Non-Han Military Auxiliaries","authors":"David Robinson","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000War is as much an exercise in building relations as breaking enemies. Relation building inevitably involves transfer—whether it is movement of people, exchange of goods, formation of social ties, or change of identity. This article focuses on efforts by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to secure skilled fighters from among populations that it viewed as distinct from the Chinese (or Han) majority but still integral parts of the polity. Contemporaries understood that alliances were indispensable for securing diverse sources of military labor, and they invested considerable political, economic, and cultural capital to build and maintain those relationships. The resulting exchanges, which included people, animals, textiles, gowns, silver, and more, were an essential feature of dynastic rule, a defining element of newly incorporated subjects, and an integral dimension of indigenous power.","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020001
Wicky Tse
{"title":"China and Asia: A Journal in Historical Studies: Special Issue on War as a Means of Cultural Transfer","authors":"Wicky Tse","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China and AsiaPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1163/2589465x-05020006
Yao Wuyutong
{"title":"Wu liande xinlun: nanyang zhishi fenzi yu jinxiandai Zhongguo yiwei 伍連德新論: 南洋知識分子與近現代中國醫衛, written by Wong Sin Kiong 黃賢強","authors":"Yao Wuyutong","doi":"10.1163/2589465x-05020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-05020006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":472062,"journal":{"name":"China and Asia","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}