NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Video Self-Modeling as an Intervention for Oral Reading Fluency","authors":"Rochelle Montgomerie, S. G. Little, Angeleque Akin-Little","doi":"10.1037/e615362013-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e615362013-001","url":null,"abstract":"Learning to read fluently is a vital part of the reading process. Research shows a link between simple fluency measures and comprehension (e.g., Barth, Tolar, Fletcher, & Francis, 2014; Bolanos et al., 2013; Fuchs, Fuchs, Hosp, & Jenkins, 2001: Kim, Petscher, Schatschneider, & Foorman, 2010), with comprehension being the ultimate goal of any reading instruction. Reading fluency involves efficient effective decoding skills which allow a reader to comprehend text (Pikulski, 2006). There are a number of interventions that have been shown to improve reading fluency to increase accurate and automatic word recognition, assist with comprehension, and promote the use of prosodic features such as stress, pitch, and suitable phrasing. A key aspect of these approaches is that they provide learners with opportunities to read connected text with support through either adult feedback or modeling (Neddenriep, 2014). Therefore, if modeling is a successful component of fluency instruction, would it be more effective if the individual him/herself was the model? Video-self modeling (VSM) is a cognitive-behavioural technique that enables participants to see themselves performing a target behaviour (in this case reading fluently) that is outside their usual repertoire. Hitchcock, Prater, and Dowrick (2004) used VSM in combination with tutoring to improve the reading fluency rates and comprehension of three students with special needs. Their results indicated that viewing the self-modeling video was associated with reduced variability in the data and maintenance of increased performance. Dowrick, Kim-Rupnow, and Power (2006) used a combination of VSM and tutoring in an attempt to improve reading fluency for 10 students with special needs. Their results indicated significant improvements in reading fluency for all students and in 9 out of 10 cases the rate of improvement was greatest when VSM was used. The purpose of this study was to examine whether VSM by itself can improve reading fluency in children who are not classified as special needs, but are simply behind their peers in reading. This group of \"delayed readers\" (Catts & Kamhi, 2005), tend to eventually gain accurate and fluent word recognition skills, but at a considerably slower pace than their peers. By using VSM with delayed readers the intent of the current study was to improve reading fluency by providing them with the opportunity to view themselves reading fluently, thereby increasing their sense of reading self-efficacy. Reading Fluency The concept of reading fluency has gained momentum in recent years and has been recognized as a critical component of reading (Samuels, 2006). It is now widely accepted that oral reading fluency in a child's first years of school is a strong predictor of reading comprehension in later years (Barth et al., 2014; Bolanos et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2010; Reschley, Busch, Betts, Deno, & Long, 2009.). There seems to be consensus in the research that there are three main compon","PeriodicalId":46363,"journal":{"name":"NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY","volume":"43 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57926132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Smoking Using Te Whare Tapa Wha","authors":"M. Glover","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-415921-1.00011-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415921-1.00011-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46363,"journal":{"name":"NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY","volume":"34 1","pages":"115-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/B978-0-12-415921-1.00011-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54117676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Prejudice, Racism, and Social Conflict","authors":"Stephen G. Atkins","doi":"10.4135/9781446218877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446218877","url":null,"abstract":"Augoustinos, M. & Reynolds, K., (Editors) 2001, London: Sage. ISBN 0 7619 6208 5. 362 pages. Prejudice Viewed from Down-Under A professor at a major university in Auckland recently told my wife and I that prejudice is \"just not a problem in Auckland.\" Sadly, for reasons I describe below, I'd say Auckland is awash with prejudice. In my own life here, I've routinely experienced racist comments around Auckland's far North Shore. It might be a lot different in Auckland's city centre (and elsewhere in New Zealand), but it's probably not reasonable to conclude that \"prejudice just isn't a problem\" here. For instance, it is extremely rare in New Zealand (in my experience) to find professional university-degreed white folks from Britain, Canada, America, or northern Europe stocking grocery market shelves or cleaning toilets for a living. It is, unfortunately, quite commonplace to find post-professional university-degreed non-white folks employed here in this way.... and indefinitely so. Most I've met speak excellent English (and probably have since kindergarten). But their accents betray that they are not Brits or Kiwis or North Americans. One immigrant I know of holds postgraduate degrees from two prestigious British universities. He formerly (and quite recently) served as a full professor in a \"high-tech\" field at a prestigious university on the Mediterranean. Awarded abundant points on his New Zealand immigration form for his immense technical education, he's been here for a few years now--driving a taxicab. Another unfortunately typical example: a husband and wife in strife-torn Sri Lanka had applied to the NZ immigration service only to be told that they were close enough to qualifying (with their Bachelors degrees) that they should pursue Masters degrees and then re-apply. In desperation, they forced themselves and their children to sacrifice normal family relations so that both parents could continue full-time employment while also completing an intensive (and expensive) full-time MBA programme in Sri Lanka. These parents had their children take care of themselves for two years under these stressful conditions--just to qualify for New Zealand immigration. Having been here over a year now, they still work in menial entry-level employment (delivering morning newspapers house-to-house and working a late-night shift pumping petrol into cars)--with personal finances so depleted by the move that additional relocation is highly unlikely. Just from my own casual acquaintances, I could easily provide a dozen Auckland examples like this--I suspect many Aucklanders could. Obviously, the \"plural of anecdote is not necessarily data\" (anonymous aphorism) and the role of prejudice in this problem remains an empirical question--but if Kiwi business interests required this kind of deceptive \"points-based\" immigration to flatten local salary pressures, it surely has gone far enough (and doubtless went far enough several years ago). Collectively, we've immigrated te","PeriodicalId":46363,"journal":{"name":"NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY","volume":"32 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70564593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}