Journal of Architecture最新文献

{"title":"Jerzy Sołtan’s design of a church in communist Poland","authors":"Wojciech Głowacki","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2257726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2257726","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn 1957, the Catholic Church in Poland was faced with the opportunity to build new churches for the first time since the end of the Second World War. One of the proposals was put forward by Le Corbusier’s pupil Jerzy Sołtan. His design for a church in Sochaczew, far from the austere and economical modernism promoted in Poland at the time, was favourably received by the architectural community. However, it was criticised and misunderstood by representatives of the Church. At the turn of 1957 and 1958, debates about contemporary churches in Poland emerged, a modest reflection of the debates in Western Europe in the years before and after the Second Vatican Council. The processes shaping sacred architecture in communist Poland until the end of its existence in 1989 were then revealed. The state authorities were hostile to the Catholic Church and actively fought against its building initiatives in the first decades after the introduction of communism in Poland in 1945. However, this case study of the design of the church in Sochaczew reveals that the state authorities did not openly interfere in the shaping of forms of sacred architecture. The Church, who was responsible for choosing the design, was not interested in employing avant-garde architectural language to distinguish itself from constructions promoted by the state. Notes1 The changes in the Polish People’s Republic were directly influenced by the internal politics of the USSR. In February 1956, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev delivered a secret paper, later made public, ‘On the Cult of the Individual and Its Consequences’, in which he criticises the crimes of his predecessor Joseph Stalin.2 On the rejection of socialist realism by the architectural community, see Andrzej Skalimowski, ‘“Pierwsza szczera narada architektów”. Motywy, przebieg i konsekwencje Ogólnopolskiej Narady Architektów w 1956 roku’ [‘“The First Honest Discussion of Architects”: Motives, Course and Consequences of the 1956 National Meeting of Architects’], Polska 1944/45–1989: Studia i materiały, 10 (2011), 181–203; Waldemar Baraniewski, ‘Odwilżowe dylematy polskich architektów’ [‘Dilemmas of Polish Architects During the Thaw’], in Odwilż. Sztuka ok. 1956 [Thaw: Art Around the Year 1956], ed. by Piotr Piotrowski (Poznań: Muzeum Narodowe w Poznaniu, 1996), pp. 129–32; and David Crowley, ‘Warsaw’s Shops, Stalinism and the Thaw’, in Style and Socialism: Modernity and Material Culture in Post-War Eastern Europe, ed. by Susan E. Reid and David Crowley (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002), pp. 25–47.3 The few church building permits granted at the time were treated by the state authorities as a reward for the loyal Catholic circles. Occasionally, churches damaged by warfare were rebuilt in an altered shape, and temporary makeshift chapels were erected illegally.4 On 27 March 1957, the Office for Religious Affairs [Urząd do Spraw Wyznań], which supervised religious associations, issued a document delineating the rules for","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectural design competitions: the effects of competition format on design processes and outcomes","authors":"Gethin Davison, Robert Freestone","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2257713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2257713","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the extensive literature on design competitions is based on individual case studies and grounded in long-standing beliefs and assertions about the merits of what we term here ‘pure’ competition formats: competitions that are open to all, where entries are anonymous and judging is undertaken by independent design experts. Drawing from a mixed-methods, empirical study of 46 design competitions held in Sydney between 2000 and 2017, this paper focuses, in contrast, on the benefits and drawbacks of ‘impure’ design competitions. It examines the influence on design processes and outcomes of four key competition variables: the number of entrants, designer anonymity, the flexibility of briefs, and the independence of judges. Opportunities are considered for impure competition formats to address the main drawbacks of pure competitions while maintaining their benefits. We conclude that the benefits of competitive design are not contingent on an open field nor flexible briefs, but that a move towards an impure competition format can be problematic where jury independence is diminished and designer anonymity is lost.","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance between theory and practice in a project by Luigi Moretti, parametric architecture’s first theorist","authors":"Roberta Lucente, Giuseppe Canestrino","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2251029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2251029","url":null,"abstract":"Starting in the 1940s, Luigi Moretti was the first theorist of architettura parametrica, suggesting a novel scientific vision of architectural design. However, the contribution of this theory to his built projects appears limited and far from the rigour of the famous mathematical modelling he presented at the XII Triennale di Milano in 1960. Despite Moretti's attempts to spread parametric architecture internationally, the apparent distance between the theoretical dimension and the professional practice has led to a marginal recognition of his contributions to the developments of Computational Design and, more recently, Parametricism. Questioning how Moretti considered aspects of parametric architecture in his professional practice may reveal how he intended the relationship between theory and practice. This paper analyses the troubled design process of Moretti's Bonifacio VIII Baths in Fiuggi, Italy, a project that has never been studied as an application of parametric architecture despite having several attributes that are now associated with the origin of parametric design. The proposed position is that, along his rigid theory, Moretti developed more informal and flexible design processes. The analysis of compositional and methodological values behind the evolution of this project, its archival materials, and Moretti's design theories will be used to demonstrate the thesis.","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiencing resonance: everyday life in modernist blocks of flats in Oslo, Norway","authors":"Anna Ulrikke Andersen","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2246999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2246999","url":null,"abstract":"Based on an interdisciplinary approach to architectural history, drawing upon sound studies and anthropology, this article offers a case study of contemporary experiences of resonance by residents living in modernist blocks of flats in Oslo built in 1964. Drawing upon ethnography and archival research, I ask how these sonic experiences affect people's relationships, both with other neighbours and the building itself. Moving from the outside and into the building, following architectural historian Katie Lloyd Thomas' theoretical approach to materials and how these materials come into being, I discuss the way resonance creates a series of tensions, affecting the way individuals relate to their surroundings, both affecting the way we see our built environment and social relations. Asking what it means to live in a modernist block of flats, I frame the residents' own stories of resonance within a larger context of changing neoliberal housing reforms in Norway from the 1980s until today. I argue that the experience of resonance creates new spatial configurations and also can stand as a critique of neo-liberal housing politics, forming connections that are both social and material.","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135675613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coloniality of Italian fascist architecture","authors":"Emilio Distretti","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2238284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2238284","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the modern history of the Piazza di Porta Capena in Rome. It begins with the design of a modernist building for the square by the architects Ridolfi and Cafiero in 1938 created to celebrate the empire of fascist Italy. The building was intended to host the Ministry of the Colonies and to be flanked by an ancient stele looted from Aksum in Ethiopia. With the shift to a new world order after 1945, the building was completed to serve as the headquarters of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. As part of Italy's belated commitment to reparations for colonial crimes, the stele was dismantled and reinstalled in Aksum in 2008. The void thus created in the piazza was filled by a new monument, this time a memorial to the victims of the 9/11 attack in New York in 2001. Through the lens of the ‘coloniality of architecture', this article explores the changing aesthetics of the square, uncovering a history of shared rationalities between Italian fascist colonialism and its afterlife, as forms of government of ‘others'. By investigating the pìazza’s architectural configurations, it assists the re-orientation of narratives around the history of Italian fascist architecture.","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135675520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology, history and the senses","authors":"Deljana Iossifova, Doreen Bernath","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2258033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2258033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135675611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environmental semantics of rural and urban architecture standards in British Mandate of Palestine, 1920–1940","authors":"Martin Hershenzon","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2259924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2259924","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper analyses the 1940 exhibition catalogue, Twenty Years of Building: Workers' Settlements, Housing and Public Institutions, published by the Federation of Jewish Workers in Palestine to celebrate its twentieth anniversary. A cross-regional analysis of this publication in the context of Mandatory Palestine and its commonalities with the environmental German notion of ‘rootedness’ [Bodenständigkeit] forms the basis of this paper. It challenges previous scholarship viewing Jewish architecture as progressive, climatically adaptive, and correlating with the 1930s separatist stance of Labour Zionism vis-à-vis the Levant. It argues instead that the Federation's architects reflected a conservative agenda concerning ‘functional’ design. The paper reconstructs how their agenda adapted various rhetoric, from rooted rural buildings, colonial ruralisation, to new urban co-op environments in the 1920s and 30s. The paper also explores the historicist and settler-colonial stance of this agenda as it negotiated progressive building standards relative to the brief tradition of cooperative settlement history and indigenous Palestinian habitats. The paper, thus, identifies the environmental semantics of the Federation’s functional buildings, its structuralist logic, and its role in the legitimation of Zionist settler colonial institutions. In assessing this aesthetic-economic discourse, the paper contributes a missing prelude to the vernacularisation of post-independence development architecture in Israel. AcknowledgementsSeveral mentors and friends have contributed to the development of this essay. I wish to thank in particular David Leatherbarrow, Joan Ockman, Daniel Barber, John Tresch, Daniel Hershenzon, Ayala Levin, Nimrod Ben-Ze’ev, Keren Gorodeisky, Lior Barshack, Duffy Half, and Shani Sladowsky for their contributions in shaping its arguments. I wish also to thank the journal editor Doreen Bernath and the reviewers for their helpful critique.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Folder: IV-250-31-240, the Pinhas Lavon Institute for Labour Movement Research Archive. The exhibition displayed building activities by members of the collective agricultural labour settlements [Ha’hytyashvot Ha’aovedet], which from the 1910s stood primarily for the agricultural settlements as a geographical sector. This notion was roughly distinguished from the administrative and cultural arms of a Jewish workers’ society, which was identified with the urban settlement.2 See [Anon.], ‘בתערוכה של הבנייה ההסתדרותית’ [‘At the Exhibition of the Federation Construction’], Davar, 21 November 1940, p. 4; and עשרים שנות בניה – התיישבות, שיכון ומוסדות ציבור פועלים [Twenty Years of Building: Workers’ Settlements, Housing and Public Institutions], ed. by E. Polsky, Asher Allweil, Israel Dicker, Shmuel Mestechkin, A. Freudental, and Benyamin Chlenov (Tel Aviv: Engineers’ Architects’ and Surveyors’ Union of Palestine, 1940).3 The ","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135675609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deserts Are Not EmptyBook <b> <i>Deserts Are Not Empty</i> </b> Edited by Samia HenniColumbia Books on Architecture and the City, 2022 ISBN 9781941332740£18.99/$23.00, paperback384 pp., with illustrations","authors":"Ivan Lopez Munuera","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2258032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2258032","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 See Elizabeth A. Povinelli, Geontologies: A Requiem to Late Liberalism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016); and Aidan Tynan, The Desert on Modern Literature and Philosophy: Wasteland Aesthetics (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020).2 Max Liboiron, Pollution is Colonialism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021).","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135675610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Images making places: the role of image rhetoric in shaping the housing ideal in London","authors":"Michela Pace","doi":"10.1080/13602365.2023.2246995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2023.2246995","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article considers visual design as a complementary form of strategic planning that relies on images to sway the approval of future housing developments. The study of promotional materials in the city of London provides an opportunity to reflect on the relationship between represented and constructed space and on the rhetoric employed by the neoliberal real estate market. For this reason, the research is based on a transdisciplinary approach that merges hermeneutics and urban sciences. The results showed a strong correspondence between the alteration of the represented reality and the perception of the built environment. This trend is connected to a more general tendency towards the financialisation of architecture, which focuses on space simplification and the primacy of feelings. This exacerbates both visual and spatial inclusion processes, allowing us to address issues of access to housing, justice, and equity as a lens to observe and unpack a global trend with precise spatial outcomes. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Basil: Blackwell, 1990), pp. 18–9.2 Amy Thomas, ‘Mart of the World: An Architectural and Geographical History of the London Stock Exchange’, The Journal of Architecture, 21.5 (2016), 816–55 (p. 822) <https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2016.1207434>.3 See On the Verge of Photography, ed. by Daniel Rubinstein, Johnny Golding, and Andrew Fisher (Birmingham: ARTicle Press, 2013), p. 14; and Georges Didi-Huberman, The Surviving Image – Phantoms of Time and Time of Phantoms: Aby Warburg’s History of Art (University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2006), pp. 68–73.4 Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, Philosophie des images (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997), pp. 296–7.5 See Pierre Bourdieu, Contre-feux: Propos pour servir à la résistance contre l’invasion néo-libérale [Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market] (Paris: Éditions Liber, 1998), p. 42; and Patrick Malone, ‘Bourdieu in London’, The Journal of Architecture, 25.6 (2020), 679–96 (p. 685) <https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2020.1800792>.6 John Berger, Ways of Seeing (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1972), p. 31.7 Didi-Huberman, The Surviving Image, p. 74.8 See Roman Jackobson, ‘Language in Relation to Other Communication Systems’, in Roman Jackobson: Selected Writings, Vol. II, Word and Language (Mouton: The Hague, 1971), pp. 570–9 (p. 576); and Emre Altürk, ‘Architectural Representation as a Medium of Critical Agencies’, The Journal of Architecture, 13.2 (2008), 133–52 (p. 144) <https://doi.org/10.1080/13602360802023989>.9 Slavoj Žižek, The Plague of Fantasies (London: Verso, 1997), p. 212.10 Andrew Brown, ‘The Spinning Index: Architectural Images and the Reversal of Causality’, in On the Verge of Photography, ed. by Daniel Rubinstein, Johnny Golding, and Andrew Fisher, pp. 237–58 (p. 241).11 Vilém Flusser, Per una filosofia della fotografia [Towar","PeriodicalId":45765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135675612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}