Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0008
S. Shearn
{"title":"Doubt and System (1913–14)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents Tillich’s 1913 systematics as an indication of Tillich’s position in the year preceding the war. The tripartite system (Apologetics, Dogmatics, Ethics) locates theology in a truth-theoretical account where God is the absolute. Human thought is presented as a conflict between intuition and reflection, in need of redemption. Doubt is grounded in truth, and every human is principally justified. Justification is indeed presented as a universal and theoretical principle. However, since distressed thought is redeemed by the absolute paradox, we do not have the justification of the doubter in the same clarity as 1919. The question of whether the systematics constitutes an ‘intellectual work’ is therefore ambivalent, for it exhibits some structural characteristics of Karl Heim’s project. Despite the eschatological qualifications of Tillich’s system, we can begin to see why Tillich may have later found it an embarrassment.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125258845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0009
S. Shearn
{"title":"Tillich at War (1914–18)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies Tillich’s war sermons, lecture on theodicy, and correspondence with Emanuel Hirsch. Tillich’s sermons exhibit at times a crass war theology; the war must be undoubtable. But religious doubt is given a voice and a pastoral response. Perhaps most strikingly in his Christmas sermons, Tillich speaks about the loss of faith among the soldiers. He also offers an unfinished theodicy with three moments, increasingly emphasizing the weakness and suffering of God. Tillich’s sermon from late October 1917 to mark the 400th anniversary of the Reformation is a clear expression of the justification of the doubter. Tillich subsequently explains and develops this new understanding of ‘faith without God’ in correspondence with Hirsch.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127690742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0007
S. Shearn
{"title":"Convincing the Doubter (Moabit 1912–13)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Tillich’s Moabit sermons (1912–13), apologetic evenings, and memorandum Kirchliche Apologetik. In his memorandum, Tillich calls for apologetics as an answer to the decline of the church. Tillich hopes to demonstrate atheistic monism’s philosophical error, the abyss of its autonomy, leading towards the insight that the paradox of thought (that thought alone comes to its end) is the paradox of Christianity, that thought requires foundation in Christianity. Thus the doubter is convinced, but not justified. In Tillich’s Moabit sermons, the answer to doubt is Christ, the image of God in the soul.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126631932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0010
S. Shearn
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This conclusion summarizes key aspects of Tillich’s development towards the notion of the justification of the doubter: the grace of God, the relationship between faith and reason, the notion of an intellectual work, and doubt understood as faith. The conclusion closes with an epilogue on the significance of Tillich’s solution to a religious problem for a theology of culture.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122067274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0003
S. Shearn
{"title":"Defence, Doubt, and Gracelessness (1904–9)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, sources from Tillich’s student days (1904–9) are compared with Tillich’s later autobiographical narratives. Tillich’s father Johannes defended the conservative stance in church-political debates in Wilhelmine Prussia concerning the doctrinal orthodoxy of its pastors. Student Tillich’s determination to defend confessional standards at the national Wingolf conference 1906 shows his commitment to the same cause. Yet privately, Tillich was struggling with doubt about historical revelation, brought on by historical criticism, but chiefly his philosophical studies. Despite Tillich’s later insistence that Martin Kähler (1835–1912) taught him the centrality of justification, there was no grace in Tillich’s uncompromising stance as Wingolf leader, of which Kähler may have been quite critical. Furthermore, Tillich’s Monismusschrift (1908), influenced by his study of Fichte and others under Fritz Medicus (1876–1956), offers criticism of Kähler’s anti-metaphysical stance. Justification is merely a subordinated locus of his attempt to express Christianity in terms of idealist philosophy.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0005
S. Shearn
{"title":"Schelling and History (1909–11)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter gathers Tillich’s academic work from 1909 to 11, including two dissertations on Schelling and his lecture on certainty and the historical Jesus. Schelling provided Tillich and his modern-positive tradition with a way of thinking about Christianity in the light of the history of religions, after the challenge of Ernst Troeltsch (1865–1923) to separate historical and dogmatic method. Tillich notes Schelling’s insistence that humanity is God-positing regardless of unbelief. It is also significant that Tillich affirms the notion of an undoubtable condition of thought, whether as Schelling’s concept of ‘unpreconceivable being’ or Fichte’s I (das Ich). With Schelling, Tillich sees a wider application for justification than the ethical sphere. However, it is first in the Kassel lecture on the historical Jesus that he connects the idealist notion that knowledge is limited to the self-certainty of the subject with the claim that autonomy is justification in the area of thought. This is expressed as the rejection of the misunderstanding that faith is an intellectual work. This could have been the influence of his Lutheran tradition, encouraged by Schelling. The chapter argues it emerged from Tillich’s engagement with Wilhelm Herrmann (1846–1922).","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0002
S. Shearn
{"title":"Justification and Doubt (1919)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the first of the book’s key questions concerning the justification of the doubter: How did Tillich land theologically after the war? This chapter therefore creates a point of reference against which Tillich’s development can be measured. There is a detailed account of Rechtfertigung und Zweifel from 1919, occasionally drawing out contrasts and continuity with the publication of the same title from 1924. Tillich frames the theme as a quest to overcome the division between religious and cultural life, finding unity in one theological principle derived from the doctrine of justification: The principle takes up doubt into itself in believing affirmation of the absolute paradox, i.e. to affirm that doubt does not preclude standing in the truth. In long excursions on certainty and the critique of apologetics as ‘intellectual work’ analogous to works-righteousness, Tillich contrasts his position with Karl Heim (1874–1958) in particular. Against Heim, Tillich insists the doubter should be left with his good truth-conscience since we relate truly to God ‘through unending doubt’.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"23 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116695354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0006
S. Shearn
{"title":"The Prodigal Doubter (Nauen 1911–12)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores sermons from Tillich’s curacy in Nauen (1911–12). In Tillich’s adaptation the parable of the Prodigal Son, the pious of the day do not come with empty hands but grasping rags of love, faith, zeal, and orthodoxy. By characterizing the creedal assent of the pious as a self-righteous ‘work’, Tillich echoes Wilhelm Herrmann’s defence against ‘positive’ detractors. Tillich will speak sharply against provocatively liberal figures but distances himself from conservative Christians he deems self-righteous. Tillich attempts thereby a levelling of the distinction between the believer and the unbeliever through a law-gospel dialectic emphasizing human inability. Reimagining piety as piety in godforsakenness, he insists that even in an age of doubt, all share in the predicament from which all are saved. Those who now protest against the church do in that protest exhibit forms of faith: they are of the truth and will come to the truth.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131044746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pastor TillichPub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0004
S. Shearn
{"title":"Overcoming Despair (Lichtenrade 1909)","authors":"S. Shearn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857859.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers Tillich’s first series of sermons in Lichtenrade (1909) when he was covering for a minister on secondment. It is a first glimpse of Tillich’s preaching immediately after graduation. Exhibiting none of the philosophical interest of his university work, Tillich produces intense and dark pietist sermons. Indeed, Tillich’s self-examining piety drove him to despair as he wrestled for assurance in preparation of his sermon for Sunday 31 May 1909. Abandoning a first draft, Tillich rewrites the sermon and speaks for the first time about Christ meeting the doubting sinner in the darkness of despair with a message of double grace: You need do nothing, you need not hold anything to be true. This crisis is characterized as a breakthrough, and first evidence of the justification of the doubter.","PeriodicalId":448201,"journal":{"name":"Pastor Tillich","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131812606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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