Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Color Morph on Aggregation Formation for Hibernation in an Extremely Color Polymorphic Ladybug, Harmonia Axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"Yuuka Murakami, E. Hasegawa, Saori Watanabe","doi":"10.35248/2161-0983.19.8.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0983.19.8.219","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of mechanism for genetic polymorphisms within and among species is an important issue in ecology \u0000 and evolutionary biology. A ladybug, Harmonia axyridis (PALLAS), shows extreme elytral color polymorphism, in \u0000 which more than 100 types have been recognized. This polymorphism has been explained with the inheritance of \u0000 12 hypothetical alleles at a single autosomal locus. However, why such extreme polymorphism is maintained has not \u0000 been clarified. Here, we show that several morphs enlarge their aggregation size during grouping before hibernation. \u0000 Our results showed that the excess (or fewerness) of either one of the four color morphs from the expected values \u0000 showed each a significantly positive effect on the aggregation size. A larger aggregation size resulted in better survival \u0000 of all the aggregating members. These results suggest that it is beneficial for survival to aggregate with these morphs. \u0000 This survival benefit during hibernation explains partly the extreme color polymorphism in this species.","PeriodicalId":446475,"journal":{"name":"Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134348398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Ogbonna Cu, Nwankwo En, Ononye Ip, Ezihe Ek, Onwude Co, Nwangwu Uc","doi":"10.35248/2161-0983.19.8.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0983.19.8.220","url":null,"abstract":"Insecticide resistance in Aedes spp is a major concern to yellow fever vector control programmes, in particular in Awka, Nigeria owing to the dense population of monkeys and the tradition that barns the killing of monkeys in this area. The study was aimed to determine the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Awka South, Anambra state, Nigeria. Locally modified American Centre for Disease Control (CDC) ovitraps were used for the collection of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs from Ifite, Awka. The eggs were reared to adult stage at the insectary unit of National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre, Enugu and the first generation progeny (F1) exposed to WHO insecticide impregnated papers. The treatments used for the two species consist of carbamates (0.1% propoxur), organophosphates (0.25% pirimiphos-methyl), pyrethroids (0.05% deltamethrin) and organochlorines (4% DDT). The result showed Ae. aegypti to be susceptible to primiphos-methyl (98.75%) and deltamethrin (100%), tolerant to propoxur (97.3%) and resistant to DDT (10.55%) while Ae. albopictus were susceptible to propoxur (100%), resistant to DDT (62.5%) and showed possibility of resistance to primiphos-methyl (97.5%) and deltamethrin (93.6%). Knock down times (KDT50 and KDT95) are as follows; For Ae. aegypti- propoxur (4.26 and 39.79mins), pirimiphos-methyl (4.18 and 41.35mins), deltamethrin (3.77 and 17.27mins), DDT (53.33 and 248.53mins) and for Ae. albopictus- propoxur (30.19 and 54.76mins), pirimiphos-methyl (1.12 and 195.02mins), deltamethrin (5.88 and 46.39mins), DDT (45.94 and 176.16mins). This study clearly demonstrates that both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are resistant to DDT. Also, frequent use of these insecticides for vector control interventions (long lasting insecticide nets and indoor residual spraying) in Nigeria may result to resistance in deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl. There is therefore urgent need to implement proper insecticide resistance management strategies in line with international best practices in this area.","PeriodicalId":446475,"journal":{"name":"Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127753173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Differentiation between Color Morphs of a Color-Polymorphic Aphid Macrosiphoniella yomogicola","authors":"E. Hasegawa, Yuuka Murakami, S. Shiraiwa, Tatsumi Kudo","doi":"10.35248/2161-0983.8.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0983.8.217","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of intraspecific polymorphisms is important for biodiversity. The aphid Macrosiphoniella yomogicola has two color morphs (green and red) in Hokkaido. Their primary attending ants (Lasius japonicus) can manipulate the frequency of the green morph to match that of the red morph to maintain the polymorphism in an aphid colony. Ants prefer the green morph owing to its high-quality honeydew; however, the ants intentionally maintain nutritionally inferior red morphs in every colony because the ants only manipulate the reproductive rate of the green morph, i.e., the ants discriminate between the two morphs. Thus, the benefit of the red morphs to the ants should differ from nutrient exploitation. This hypothesis requires a genetic trade-off between the two morphs. Here based on three microsatellites, we show that the genetic distance between both morphs collected from the same sampling site is small suggesting that there is no genetic differentiation between their whole genomes. However, there were significant differences between the two morphs at a locus at the three sites examined. Our results suggest that intermorph copulations occur; however, the loci controlling morph-specific traits should be linked with the differentiated locus.","PeriodicalId":446475,"journal":{"name":"Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126871645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Major Sweet Potato Weevils; Management and Control: A Review","authors":"Kyereko Wt, Z. Hongbo, H. Amoanimaa-Dede, G. Meiwei, A. Yeboah","doi":"10.35248/2161-0983.8.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0983.8.218","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato is an important food crop, grown commonly in tropical and subtropical regions, but production has been subjected to less research worldwide, compared to the major staple crops. Sweet potato weevils are the major destructive pest causing drastic yield decline and resulting in a decrease in millions of dollar annually. A wide range of management strategies in controlling sweet potato weevils includes; cultural method, chemical method, biological method, Sterile Insect Technique, soil management, Sterile Insect Release, pheromone traps, Host Plant Resistance and Integrated Pest Management. However, the chemical method is limited by larvae internal feeding, whilst the biological approach has been constraints to some point. The pheromone method has enhanced for monitoring of sweet potato weevils, but adapting to integrated pest management is most highly effective and environmentally safe to growers. This paper reviews the factors that contribute to the infestation of weevils, mode of infestation, and various control management strategies towards decreasing the infestation of weevils in the plantation of sweet potato.","PeriodicalId":446475,"journal":{"name":"Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131916339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}