Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title]最新文献

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Combined Effect of Metformin and Statin 二甲双胍与他汀的联合疗效

Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100894

Sabu Mandumpal Chacko, Priya Thambi Thekkekara

{"title":"Combined Effect of Metformin and Statin","authors":"Sabu Mandumpal Chacko, Priya Thambi Thekkekara","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100894","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, has been shown to lower the cardiovascular events in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Many research articles suggests that metformin has a protective effect on CAD beyond its hypoglycemic effects. Patients with diabetes type 2 have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and commonly use combination therapy consisting of the anti-diabetic drug metformin and a cholesterol-lowering statin. Statins have been found to be a safe and effective approach to reduce serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which is the cornerstone for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. However, regular statin monotherapy in some patients may not be sufficient to achieve a therapeutic LDL-C. It has been reported that statins increased the incidence of new-onset diabetes in a dose dependent manner especially in women, the elderly, or in the presence of a family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Asian ethnicity. The molecular mechanisms contributed to antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. In this chapter, we aimed to investigate whether the combined administration of metformin and atorvastatin could achieve superior protective effects on different disease treatment purpose and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms of the combinations.","PeriodicalId":438557,"journal":{"name":"Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title]","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128211000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Interaction Studies of ACE Inhibitors with Antidiabetic Drugs ACE抑制剂与降糖药的相互作用研究

Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99795

S. Naveed, H. Sadia

{"title":"Interaction Studies of ACE Inhibitors with Antidiabetic Drugs","authors":"S. Naveed, H. Sadia","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99795","url":null,"abstract":"Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors are effective in patients with mild to moderately severe hypertension, collagen vascular and cardiovascular disease. They are also used in the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction and in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are generally on multiple medicines that’s why it is imperative to study drug–drug interactions of medicines which are commonly taken together in any given case, as combined administration of different medicines can significantly influence the availability of drugs. In the present study we investigated the “in vitro” interactions of ACE inhibitors (enalapril, captopril and lisinopril) with frequently prescribed and co-administered drugs in simulated human body environments. These interactions were monitored by means of UV spectrophotometry and separation technique as RP-HPLC. Prior to start of actual drug interactions, the method of analysis of each drug was established and its various parameters validated for considering its use in testing of drug in vitro as well as in human serum. For this purpose, an attempt was made to develop a number of new HPLC methods for determination of ACE inhibitors (enalapril, captopril and lisinopril) and simultaneously with interacting drugs. These methods were optimized, validated and then successfully employed for the quantitation of enalapril, captopril and lisinopril and selected drugs in interactions studies. As a result, new methods for the quantitation of individual as well as multiple drugs were developed. The interacting drugs selected were antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glibenclamide, glimepride and pioglitazone. Interaction consequences revealed that the availability of enalapril was not affected in presence of antidiabetic drugss whereas the availability of captopril and lisinopril were altered in presence of NIDDMs.","PeriodicalId":438557,"journal":{"name":"Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title]","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevention of Hyperglycemia 预防高血糖

Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99342

Lucy A. Ochola, Eric M. Guantai

{"title":"Prevention of Hyperglycemia","authors":"Lucy A. Ochola, Eric M. Guantai","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99342","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperglycemia is the elevation of blood glucose concentrations above the normal range. Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia is associated with serious life-threatening complications. Hyperglycemia arises from an imbalance between glucose production and glucose uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues. Disorders that compromise pancreatic function or affect the glucose counter-regulatory hormones cause hyperglycemia. Acute or serious illness or injury may also bring about hyperglycemia, as can many classes of drugs. Metformin lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting the production of glucose by the liver whilst enhancing uptake of circulating glucose and its utilization in peripheral tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and causing a reduction of cellular ATP levels. Metformin may also modulate the gut-brain-liver axis, resulting in suppression of hepatic glucose production. Metformin also opposes the hyperglycemic action of glucagon and may ameliorate pancreatic cell dysfunction associated with hyperglycemia. Metformin is therefore recommended for use in the prevention of hyperglycemia, including drug-induced hyperglycemia, in at risk patients. The benefits of metformin in the prevention of hyperglycemia are unmatched despite its contraindications.","PeriodicalId":438557,"journal":{"name":"Metformin - Pharmacology and Drug Interactions [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0