Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers最新文献

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StreamChain StreamChain
Z. István, A. Sorniotti, M. Vukolic
{"title":"StreamChain","authors":"Z. István, A. Sorniotti, M. Vukolic","doi":"10.1145/3284764.3284765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3284764.3284765","url":null,"abstract":"Processing at block granularity and blockchains seem inseparable. The original role of blocks is to amortize the cost of cryptography (e.g., solving proof-of-work) and to make data transfers more efficient in a geo-distributed setting. While blocks are a simple and powerful tool for amortizing these costs, today in permissioned distributed ledgers, that are often neither geo-distributed, nor require proof-of-work, the benefits of operating on blocks are overshadowed by the large latencies they introduce. Our proposal is to switch the distributed ledger processing paradigm from block processing to stream transaction processing and rely on batching (i.e., block formation) only for amortizing the cost of disk accesses for commit operations. This paradigm shift enables shaving off end-to-end latencies by more than an order of magnitude and opens up new use-cases for permissioned ledgers. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept of our idea using Hyperledger Fabric, achieving end-to-end latencies of less than 10ms while maintaining relatively high throughput, namely close to 1500 tps.","PeriodicalId":437474,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121654530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Scaling Byzantine Consensus: A Broad Analysis 扩展拜占庭共识:一个广泛的分析
C. Berger, Hans P. Reiser
{"title":"Scaling Byzantine Consensus: A Broad Analysis","authors":"C. Berger, Hans P. Reiser","doi":"10.1145/3284764.3284767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3284764.3284767","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchains and distributed ledger technology (DLT) that rely on Proof-of-Work (PoW) typically show limited performance. Several recent approaches incorporate Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols in their DLT design as Byzantine consensus allows for increased performance and energy efficiency, as well as it offers proven liveness and safety properties. While there has been a broad variety of research on BFT consensus protocols over the last decades, those protocols were originally not intended to scale for a large number of nodes. Thus, the quest for scalable BFT consensus was initiated with the emerging research interest in DLT. In this paper, we first provide a broad analysis of various optimization techniques and approaches used in recent protocols to scale Byzantine consensus for large environments such as BFT blockchain infrastructures. We then present an overview of both efforts and assumptions made by existing protocols and compare their solutions.","PeriodicalId":437474,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Towards Solving the Data Availability Problem for Sharded Ethereum 解决分片以太坊的数据可用性问题
Daniel Sel, Kaiwen Zhang, H. Jacobsen
{"title":"Towards Solving the Data Availability Problem for Sharded Ethereum","authors":"Daniel Sel, Kaiwen Zhang, H. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1145/3284764.3284769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3284764.3284769","url":null,"abstract":"The success and growing popularity of blockchain technology has lead to a significant increase in load on popular permissionless blockchains such as Ethereum. With the current design, these blockchain systems do not scale with additional nodes since every node executes every transaction. Further efforts are therefore necessary to develop scalable permissionless blockchain systems. In this paper, we provide an aggregated overview of the current research on the Ethereum blockchain towards solving the scalability challenge. We focus on the concept of sharding, which aims to break the restriction of every participant being required to execute every transaction and store the entire state. This concept however introduces new complexities in the form of stateless clients, which leads to a new challenge: how to guarantee that critical data is published and stays available for as long as it is relevant. We present an approach towards solving the data availability problem (DAP) that leverages synergy effects by reusing the validators from Casper. We then propose two distinct approaches for reliable collation proposal, state transition, and state verification in shard chains. One approach is based on verification by committees of Casper validators that execute transactions in proposed blocks using witness data provided by executors. The other approach relies on a proof of execution provided by the executor proposing the block and a challenge game, where other executors verify the proof. Both concepts rely on executors for long-term storage of shard chain state.","PeriodicalId":437474,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129601216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Off-chaining Models and Approaches to Off-chain Computations 脱链模型及脱链计算方法
Jacob Eberhardt, Jonathan Heiss
{"title":"Off-chaining Models and Approaches to Off-chain Computations","authors":"Jacob Eberhardt, Jonathan Heiss","doi":"10.1145/3284764.3284766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3284764.3284766","url":null,"abstract":"Off-chaining has been suggested to enhance scalablity and privacy of blockchains, especially in public networks. However, a systematic classification is missing. In this paper, we propose generic off-chaining models categorizing different types of off-chaining. From our analysis of these models, we conclude that off-chain computations are particularly powerful and subsequently provide a description and comparison of off-chain computation approaches.","PeriodicalId":437474,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121536743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Sol2js
Muhammad Ahmad Zafar, Falak Sher, M. Janjua, Salman Baset
{"title":"Sol2js","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Zafar, Falak Sher, M. Janjua, Salman Baset","doi":"10.1145/3284764.3284768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3284764.3284768","url":null,"abstract":"Could smart contracts written in Solidity, a popular language among blockchain developers for Ethereum, be run on other blockchain platforms such as Hyperleger Fabric. To run Solidity smart contracts on another blockchain platform, one can either incorporate the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) in the target blockchain, or perform a source-to-source translation of the Solidity contracts to a smart contract language for the target platform. This paper presents Sol2js, an open source source-to-source translation tool that generates Javascript smart contracts for Hyperledger Fabric from Solidity contracts, and provides a conceptual mapping of Ethereum constructs to that of Hyperleger Fabric, where possible. Presently, the tool is able to successfully translate 65-70% of Solidity constructs including major types, functions, inheritance, and events. The preliminary results show that the average of the lines of code (loc) across translated contracts is 7.5x more than the average of Solidity contracts loc while preserving contract semantics.","PeriodicalId":437474,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123990616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers 第二届分布式账本可扩展和弹性基础设施研讨会论文集
{"title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3284764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3284764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":437474,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126414051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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