{"title":"Contraction Mappings and Applications","authors":"N. Hussain, Iram Iqbal","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81571","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the chapter is to find the existence results for the solution of non-homogeneous Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and non-linear matrix equations by using the fixed point theorems. Here, we derive fixed point theorems for two different type of contractions. Firstly, we utilize the concept of manageable functions to define multivalued α ∗ (cid:1) η ∗ manageable contractions and prove fixed point theorems for such contractions. After that, we use these fixed point results to find the solution of non-homogeneous Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. Secondly, we introduce weak F contractions named as α - F -weak-contraction to prove fixed point results in the setting of metric spaces and by using these results we find the solution for non-linear matrix equations.","PeriodicalId":435282,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Integral Equations","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122121544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Frontier Research on Integral Equations and Recent Results","authors":"F. Bulnes","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84197","url":null,"abstract":"The themes of recent research are focused on nonlinear integral equations [1], the new numerical and adaptive methods of resolution of integral equations [2], the generalization of Fredholm integral equations [3] of second kind, integral equations in time scales and the spectral densities [3, 4], operator theories for nonsymmetric and symmetric kernels [1, 5], extension problems to Banach algebras to kernels of integral equations [5–7], singular integral equations [10], special treatments to solve Fredholm integral equations of first and second kinds, nondegenerate kernels [3, 6] and symbols of integral equations [7], topological methods for the resolution of integral equations and representation problems of operators of integral equations. Now, well, the field of the integral equations is not finished yet, not much less with the integral equations for which the Fredholm theorem is worth [fredholm], nor with the completely continuous operators, since there exist other integral equations developed of the Hilbert theory respect to the Fredholm discussion, and studies on singular integral equations, also by Hilbert, Wiener and others [8]. Arise numerical and approximate methods on the big vastness that give the Banach algebras, even using probabilistic measures to solve some integral equations in the ambit of distributions and stochastic process. Likewise, there arise integral equations in which the proper values are corresponded to linearly independent infinite proper functions. Such is the case, for example, of the Lalesco-Picard integral equation:","PeriodicalId":435282,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Integral Equations","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133592492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electro-magnetic Simulation Based on the Integral Form of Maxwell’s Equations","authors":"Naofumi Kitsunezaki","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81338","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms for a computational method of electromagnetics based on the integral form of Maxwell ’ s equations are introduced. The algorithms are supported by the lowest- and next-to-the-lowest-order approximations of integrals over a cell surface and edge of the equations. The method supported by the lowest-order approximation of the integrals coincides with the original finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, a well-known computational method of electromagnetics based on the differential form of Maxwell ’ s equations. The method supported by the next-to-the-lowest-order approximation can be considered a correction to the FDTD method. Numerical results of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a two-dimensional slab waveguide using the original and the corrected FDTD methods are also shown to compare them with an analytical result. In addition, the results of the corrected FDTD method are also shown to be more accurate and reliable than those of the original FDTD method.","PeriodicalId":435282,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Integral Equations","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122440758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Probabilistic Interpretation of Nonlinear Integral Equations","authors":"Isamu Dôku","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81501","url":null,"abstract":"We study a probabilistic interpretation of solutions to a class of nonlinear integral equations. By considering a branching model and defining a star-product, we construct a tree-based star-product functional as a probabilistic solution of the integral equation. Although the original integral equation has nothing to do with a stochastic world, some probabilistic technique enables us not only to relate the deterministic world with the stochastic one but also to interpret the equation as a random quantity. By studying mathematical structure of the constructed functional, we prove that the function given by expectation of the functional with respect to the law of a branching process satisfies the original integral equation.","PeriodicalId":435282,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Integral Equations","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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