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Investigation of the Production of Medical Ir-192 Used in Cancer Therapy via Particle Accelerator 利用粒子加速器生产用于癌症治疗的医用Ir-192的研究
Accelerators and Colliders Pub Date : 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92545
O. Artun
{"title":"Investigation of the Production of Medical Ir-192 Used in Cancer Therapy via Particle Accelerator","authors":"O. Artun","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92545","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the production of medical Ir-192 radionuclide used in brachytherapy on Os targets in the energy range of E particle = 100 ! 1 MeV, we calculated the cross-section results for charged particle-induced reactions. The calculation was done via TALYS code and simulated activity and yield of product of each reaction process in the irradiation time of 1 h with constant beam current of 1 μ A. The calculated results were compared with experimental data in the literature. Moreover, based on the calculated cross-section data and the mass stopping powers obtained from X-PMSP program, the integral yield results of all the reaction processes to produce Ir-192 on Os targets were presented as a function of incident particle energy. The obtained results were discussed to recommend appropriate reaction processes and targets for the production of Ir-192.","PeriodicalId":433612,"journal":{"name":"Accelerators and Colliders","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116640475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Theoretical Calculations of the Masses of the Elementary Fermions 基本费米子质量的理论计算
Accelerators and Colliders Pub Date : 2020-04-22 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91846
N. Olivi-Tran
{"title":"Theoretical Calculations of the Masses of the Elementary Fermions","authors":"N. Olivi-Tran","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91846","url":null,"abstract":"Our universe is threedimensional and curved (with a positive curvature) and thus may be embedded in a fourdimensional Euclidean space with coordinates x, y, z, t where the fourth dimension time t is treated as a regular dimension. One can set in this spacetime a fourdimensional underlying array of small hypercubes of one Planck length edge. With this array all elementary particles can be classified following that they are two, three or fourdimensional. The elementary wavefunctions of this underlying array are equal to √ 2exp ix i for x i = x, y, z or to √ 2exp it for t. Hence, the masses of the fermions of the first family are equal to 2 n (in eV/c 2) where n is an integer. The other families of fermions are excited states of the fermions of the first family and thus have masses equal to 2 n .p 2 /2 where n and p are two integers. Theoretical and experimental masses fit within 10%.","PeriodicalId":433612,"journal":{"name":"Accelerators and Colliders","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115023026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Very Compact Linear Colliders Comprising Seamless Multistage Laser-Plasma Accelerators 包括无缝多级激光等离子体加速器的非常紧凑的线性对撞机
Accelerators and Colliders Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91633
K. Nakajima, Min Chen, Z. Sheng
{"title":"Very Compact Linear Colliders Comprising Seamless Multistage Laser-Plasma Accelerators","authors":"K. Nakajima, Min Chen, Z. Sheng","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91633","url":null,"abstract":"A multistage laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) driven by two mixing electromagnetic hybrid modes of a gas-filled capillary waveguide is presented. Plasma wakefields generated by a laser pulse comprising two mixing modes coupled to a metallic or dielectric capillary filled with gas provide us with an efficient accelerating structure of electrons in a substantially long distance beyond a dephasing length under the matching between a capillary radius and plasma density. For a seamless multistage structure of the capillary waveguide, the numerical model of the transverse and longitudinal beam dynamics of an electron bunch considering the radiation reaction and multiple Coulomb scattering effects reveals a converging behavior of the bunch radius and normalized emittance down to (cid:1) 1 nm level when the beam is accelerated up to 560 GeV in a 67 m length. This capability allows us to conceive a compact electron-positron linear collider providing with high luminosity of 10 34 cm (cid:3) 2 s (cid:3) 1 at 1 TeV center-of-mass (CM) energy.","PeriodicalId":433612,"journal":{"name":"Accelerators and Colliders","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131753530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) 量子色动力学综述
Accelerators and Colliders Pub Date : 2020-03-21 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91640
L. Kisslinger
{"title":"Review of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)","authors":"L. Kisslinger","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91640","url":null,"abstract":"This is a review of the elementary particles, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and strong interactions in QCD theory via gluon exchange between quarks-antiquarks-producing mesons. Some mesons consist of an active gluon in addition to a quark-antiquark. They are called hybrid mesons. We also review the possible detection of the quark-gluon plasma, the consistuent of the universe until about 10 (cid:1) 4 s after the Big Bang, via relativistic heavy ion collisions (RHIC) producing heavy quark hybrid mesons.","PeriodicalId":433612,"journal":{"name":"Accelerators and Colliders","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121997807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some Key Issues of Vacuum System Design in Accelerators and Colliders 加速器和对撞机真空系统设计的几个关键问题
Accelerators and Colliders Pub Date : 2020-03-19 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91767
Jie Wang, Sheng Wang
{"title":"Some Key Issues of Vacuum System Design in Accelerators and Colliders","authors":"Jie Wang, Sheng Wang","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91767","url":null,"abstract":"As we all know, vacuum system is the essential part for the accelerators and colliders, which provide the vacuum environment to minimize beam-gas interactions and maintain normal operation of the beams. With the proposals of future accelerators and colliders, such as Future Circular Collider (FCC), Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC), and International Linear Collider (ILC), it is time to review and focus on the key technologies involved in the optimization designs of the vacuum system of various kinds of accelerators and colliders. High vacuum gradient and electron cloud are the key issues for the vacuum system design of high-energy accelerators and colliders. This chapter gives a brief overview of these two key issues of vacuum system design and operations in high-energy, highintensity, and high-luminosity accelerators and collider.","PeriodicalId":433612,"journal":{"name":"Accelerators and Colliders","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115086746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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