Kauffman Data: COMETS (Topic)最新文献

筛选

英文中文

Fundamentals or Population Dynamics and the Geographic Distribution of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises, 1976-1989 1976-1989年美国生物技术企业人口动态和地理分布的基本原理

Kauffman Data: COMETS (Topic) Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.3386/W6414

L. Zucker, M. Darby, Yusheng Peng

引用次数: 13

Virtuous Circles of Productivity: Star Bioscientists and the Institutional Transformation of Industry 生产力的良性循环:明星生物科学家与产业的制度转型

Kauffman Data: COMETS (Topic) Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.3386/W5342

L. Zucker, M. Darby

{"title":"Virtuous Circles of Productivity: Star Bioscientists and the Institutional Transformation of Industry","authors":"L. Zucker, M. Darby","doi":"10.3386/W5342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W5342","url":null,"abstract":"The most productive (`star') bioscientists possessed intellectual human capital of extraordinary scientific and pecuniary value for some 10-15 yrs after Cohen & Boyer's 1973 founding discovery for biotechnology. This extraordinary value was due to the union of still scarce knowledge of the new research techniques and genius to apply these techniques in valuable ways. As in other sciences, star bioscientists were particularly protective of their ideas in the early years of the revolution, tending to collaborate more within their own institution which slowed diffusion to other scientists. Therefore, close, bench-level working ties between stars and firm scientists were needed to accomplish commercialization of the breakthroughs. Where and when the star scientists were actively producing academic publications is a key determinant of where and when commercial firms began to use biotechnology. The extent of collaboration by a firm's scientists with stars is a powerful predictor of its success: for each 9 articles co-authored by an academic star and firm scientists about 3 more products in development, 1 more on the market and 1550 more employees are estimated. Such collaboration with firms, or employment, also results in significantly higher rates of citation to articles written with the firm. The U.S. scientific and economic infrastructure has been quite effective in fostering and commercializing the bioscientific revolution. To provide an indication of international competitiveness, we estimate stars' distribution, commercial involvement and migration across the top 10 countries in bioscience. These results let us inside the black box to see how scientific breakthroughs become economic growth and consider the implications for policy.","PeriodicalId":432021,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman Data: COMETS (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114171373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 74