CELS 2017 12th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (Archive)最新文献

{"title":"Tainted Executives as Outside Directors","authors":"Leah R. Baer, Yonca Ertimur, Jingjing Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2991803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2991803","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We examine outside board appointments of executives allegedly involved in governance failures—“tainted” executives—to shed light on appointing firms’ underlying motivations. Less attractive firms and those with greater advising needs are more likely to appoint tainted executives to their boards than other firms are. Tainted appointees are less likely to be placed on the nominating and governance committees than nontainted appointees. Tainted appointees have similar or better skill sets compared with nontainted appointees. Firms that appoint tainted executives to their boards display an improvement in operating performance in the postappointment period relative to the preappointment period and relative to a matched control sample. We do not find evidence of poor monitoring outcomes for these firms. Overall, our evidence suggests that board needs, not a conspicuous attempt to weaken monitoring, drive the appointment of tainted executives to boards.\u0000 Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.\u0000 JEL Classifications: G34; K22; M41.","PeriodicalId":428432,"journal":{"name":"CELS 2017 12th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (Archive)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Propensities","authors":"R. MacCoun, Sarah Polcz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2994562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2994562","url":null,"abstract":"We offer a theory and methodology for studying what we call social propensities. A social propensity consists of a social value rule (e.g., MaxOwn, MinDiff, Need) combined with a propensity function (monotonic or non-monotonic) that expresses the rule as a probability of endorsement for a given self:outcome pair. Our approach formalizes and generalizes concepts from interdependence theory, social value orientations, and distributive justice rules, and is applicable in two-person games and exchange situations.","PeriodicalId":428432,"journal":{"name":"CELS 2017 12th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (Archive)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129850475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Purposes of Chinese Courts: Examining Judicial Guiding Cases in China Through a New Analytic Framework","authors":"Jiajun Luo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2993424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2993424","url":null,"abstract":"This Article seeks to answer the question “what Chinese courts, as institutions are looking for” through empirically examining institutional purposes in judicial Guiding Cases published by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) in China. This article has proposed a new analytic framework to interpret institutional purposes of courts in People’s Republic of China (PRC) authoritarian context. Under such new analytic framework, we have divided institutional purposes of Chinese courts into self/institutional interests and preferring values/public policies. \u0000Contrast with hyper-political cases, where PRC courts focus on protecting self-interest and institutional integrity of the courts as third-party dispute resolving institution, in judicial guiding cases system we have validated our theoretical model regarding institutional purposes of PRC courts. One the one hand, in a number of judicial guiding cases, we have identified vital self-interests of judges, and courts’ institutional interest to increase professionalism to attain more power and enhance socio-politico status. On the other hand, some other guiding cases reflect strong institutional tendency of Chinese courts, both the SPC and lower courts, to pursue traditional, activist and restraining values. \u0000In short, this article not only seeks to a new empirical way to examine PRC court in the most sophisticated authoritarian environment in the world, but also aims to contribute to our understanding regarding institutional characters of judiciaries by testing general theory via judicial behaviors and judicial politics in China’s context.","PeriodicalId":428432,"journal":{"name":"CELS 2017 12th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (Archive)","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Comparable-Case Guidance on Awards for Pain and Suffering and Punitive Damages: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Hillel J. Bavli, Reagan Mozer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2895464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2895464","url":null,"abstract":"Jurors receive little guidance in determining awards for pain and suffering and punitive damages. Consequently, these awards are notoriously unpredictable, undermining the law’s objectives and causing a wide range of harms. Among the methods that have been proposed for addressing the unpredictability of such awards is the use of information regarding awards in comparable cases (“prior-award information”) as guidance for award determinations. This paper reports and interprets the results of a factorial experiment designed to test the effects of prior-award information at different levels of bias, variability, and form of presentation on the magnitude, spread, and accuracy of awards for pain and suffering and punitive damages. The paper examines juror behavior in response to prior-award information, and interprets whether such information can be expected to improve awards under a robust set of conditions. In summary, the data provide strong evidence that prior-award information improves the accuracy of awards (as defined) and that its beneficial effect on the dispersion of awards generally dominates any distortion, or bias, caused by the information. Furthermore, the data provide evidence that triers of fact respond to prior-award information as predicted in recent literature, and in line with the “optimal” use of such information.","PeriodicalId":428432,"journal":{"name":"CELS 2017 12th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (Archive)","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131787440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining Toronto's Community Councils","authors":"Alexandra Flynn","doi":"10.60082/0829-3929.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.60082/0829-3929.1268","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: This article examines Toronto’s community councils, a post-amalgamation creation meant to buffer the effects of a much larger city. Using a mixed methodology approach to understand their role and function, this paper finds that community councils largely focus on local planning and land use issues. However, under applicable law, Toronto’s community councils have the capacity to increase their delegated and decision-making power to serve a greater stewardship role in matters of concern to the city’s neighbourhoods, such as the “local” effects of “city-wide” issues, and to include non-councillor members as decision-makers. This paper argues that the City of Toronto should reimagine the design of community councils so that they may serve a stronger role in the city’s governance model, bringing them in line with similar bodies in other North American cities and fostering a more accessible and participatory municipal government. French Abstract: Cet article étudie les conseils communautaires de Toronto, une création post-fusion visant à atténuer les effets d’une ville devenue beaucoup plus grande. En utilisant une approche méthodologique mixte pour comprendre leur rôle et leur fonction, cet article démontre que les conseils communautaires se concentrent fortement sur les questions d’aménagement local et d’utilisation des terres. Cependant, en vertu du droit applicable, les conseils communautaires de Toronto peuvent augmenter leur pouvoir délégué de prise de décision de façon à jouer un plus grand rôle de gérance relativement à certaines affaires préoccupantes des voisinages de la ville, telles que les effets « locaux » de questions qui surviennent « à l’échelle de la ville », et de façon à donner un rôle décisionnel aux membres non conseillers. Cet article avance que la ville de Toronto devrait revoir le concept de conseil communautaire pour que ces conseils puissent jouer un plus grand rôle dans le modèle de gouvernance de la ville, ce qui leur donnerait un rôle semblable aux organismes similaires d’autres villes de l’Amérique du Nord et ce qui créerait un gouvernement municipal plus accessible et participatif.","PeriodicalId":428432,"journal":{"name":"CELS 2017 12th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (Archive)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}