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Dog bites and human rabies in the UThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal province, 2008-2010: a review of surveillance data 2008-2010年夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省UThungulu区的狗咬伤和人狂犬病:监测数据审查

Wound Healing Southern Africa Pub Date : 2013-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2013.11441517

V. Kubheka, P. Govender, B. Margot, L. Kuonza

{"title":"Dog bites and human rabies in the UThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal province, 2008-2010: a review of surveillance data","authors":"V. Kubheka, P. Govender, B. Margot, L. Kuonza","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2013.11441517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2013.11441517","url":null,"abstract":"The Uthungulu District in KwaZulu-Natal province is the area that is most affected by rabies in South Africa. Usually, the transmission of rabies to humans occurs through the bites of infected dogs. In 2008, Uthungulu commenced a programme to eliminate human rabies in the district. This paper describes the epidemiology of dog bites and human rabies in the Uthungulu District from 2008-2010, and the extent of adherence to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The method was a retrospective analysis of dog-bite and human rabies surveillance data that were collected in Uthungulu from January 2008-December 2010. Dog-bite injuries in Uthungulu increased from 1 176 in 2008 to 2 365 in 2009, and decreased to 1 598 in 2010. Of 2 601 patients who were offered rabies PEP in 2009 and 2010, 83.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 82.4-85.2] completed the treatment. Logistic regression analysis found that investigation of the report by an environmental healthcare practitioner [odds ratio (OR) = 3.95; 95% CI: 2.43-6.43, p-value = 0 .0001], the availability of patient telephone contact details in the healthcare facility’s records (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.02-3.03, p-value = 0.041), and bite wounds that were classified as Category 3 exposure injuries (OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.39-6.29, p-value = 0.004), were independently associated with completion of rabies PEP. Seven human rabies cases were reported (four in 2008, two in 2009 and one in 2010). Annualised human rabies incidence rates decreased from four cases per million in 2008 to one case per million in 2010. The findings suggest that the rabies elimination initiative is having an impact on the reduction of the incidence of human rabies in Uthungulu. The district should strengthen the follow-up of people who are exposed to rabies to ensure PEP completion.","PeriodicalId":428203,"journal":{"name":"Wound Healing Southern Africa","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122262641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Dog bites to the head, neck and face in children 狗咬伤儿童的头部、颈部和面部

Wound Healing Southern Africa Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2010.11441376

A. B. As, J. Dwyer, S. Naidoo

{"title":"Dog bites to the head, neck and face in children","authors":"A. B. As, J. Dwyer, S. Naidoo","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2010.11441376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2010.11441376","url":null,"abstract":"Dog bites are a poorly understood and complex public health problem. Children are most frequently the victims of dog bites and the face is often the favoured target. A review of dog bite wounds in small children presenting to the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital was carried out over a period of 13.5 years (1991-2004). One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one dog bite wounds were admitted from a total of 125,677 patients treated. From 1,871 patients presenting with dog bite injuries, we identified 596 children who sustained injuries to the head, face or neck. Dog bites to the head, face or neck were responsible for 0.5% of all trauma unit presentations and 32% of all dog bite injuries. The mean age of the children was 5.1 years. Male children accounted for 68% of the patients. The peak incidence was noted in children aged 2 to 4 years old. One hundred and seventy-two (29%) bites occurred between the summer months of December and February. Two hundred and forty-nine (42%) patients presented to hospital between the hours of 12:00 and 18:00 hours and 275 (46%) children presented between 18:00 and 0:00 hours. A large proportion of all attacks occurred either inside or outside the victim’s own home and at the home of friends or family. Superficial injuries were treated with wound cleaning, suturing and dressing. There were no fatalities. Dog bites are relatively common in small children, but do not represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":428203,"journal":{"name":"Wound Healing Southern Africa","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9