{"title":"What Determined 2015 TPA Voting Pattern?: The Role of Trade Negotiating Objectives","authors":"Yeo Joon Yoon, Woong Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3112146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3112146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes 2015-TPA voting patterns in the Congress in the context of the trade negotiating objectives. By setting the trade negotiating objectives, the Congress lays out important trade agenda that the Administration is expected to address when it is negotiating trade deals with foreign countries. Therefore setting the objectives is subject of heated debates in the Congress and an important part of TPA. LPM and probit models are used to evaluate the importance of each trade negotiating objectives in 2015-TPA voting decisions. It turns out that the objective on promoting U.S. agricultural exports by reducing unfair trade barriers positively affected the voting decision in favor of the TPA. The objective on enforcing strong labor standards on trade partners also had significant impacts. One other notable result is that how much each congressional region export to China was also an important determinant. This variable is meant to capture several negotiating objectives as well as growing worries of large trade deficits with China. This study documents important issues that U.S. Congress is concerned about in making conducting and implementing trade policies. It may provide insights into the future course of U.S. trade policy and trade deals such as renegotiation of NAFTA and Korea-US FTA.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128457508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Measure of Inter-Industry Distance and Its Application to the U.S. Regional Growth","authors":"Yeo Joon Yoon, Unjung Whang","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2901395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2901395","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new measure of inter-industry 'distance'. This is constructed a la Antras et al. (2012). While they measure the distance of an industry from its final use - what they call 'downstreamness' of an industry - we measure the distance between a pair of industries. Our proposed index is a measure of input-output linkages between industries that incorporates a 'distance' flavor. Our measure distinguishes the number of vertical production stages that an industry's product goes through until it is finally used by another industry by assigning larger weights to the value of input use with longer production chains. Hence our measure contains more information on the relation between two industries along the vertical production chain. We use this index to construct an aggregate measure of 'industry connectedness' of regions in the U.S. It measures the degree of industrial linkages of a region. We then empirically establish that each region's labor productivity is positively associated with the 'industry connectedness'. The result contributes to the large literature of agglomeration economies that the industrial linkage is one of the main sources of agglomeration economies and productivity growth, as emphasized by Marshall (1920). It also suggests that our index can serve as an alternative measure of the industrial linkages.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inequality and Fiscal Policy Effectiveness","authors":"J. Pyun, Dong‐Eun Rhee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2656868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2656868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of income inequality in determining fiscal policy effectiveness by using panel data of 42 advanced and developing countries during Q1 2000-Q3 2007. Our panel VAR analysis shows that the effect of fiscal policy on output is smaller in economies with high income inequality: the 1-year fiscal multiplier for a country with relatively equal income distribution is estimated to be significant at 0.52 or greater significantly, while that for a country with relatively unequal income distribution is insignificant from zero. The responses of consumption to an expansionary fiscal policy shock show that consumption is more crowded-out for relatively more unequal economies, thus affirming that the low-income households in the economies with high inequality tend to have strong incentives to save additional income from fiscal policy for precautionary reasons.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114564242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Assessment of Inflation Targeting in a Quantitative Monetary Business Cycle Framework","authors":"Dooyeon Cho, Dong‐Eun Rhee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2319676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2319676","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effectiveness of inflation targeting to stabilize the real economy of the advanced countries where inflation targeting was adopted in the early 1990s. This paper employs the monetary business cycle accounting methodology recently developed by Sustek (2011) which is an extended version of Chari, Kehoe, and McGrattan (2007) to monetary models in order to quantitatively assess inflation targeting. Our main finding is that the monetary policy wedge, which captures economic fluctuations caused by monetary policy, has significantly declined since the implementation of inflation targeting in the early 1990s. The results suggest that advanced economies such as Australia, Canada, Sweden, and the UK, that adopted inflation targeting in the early 1990s have been successful in stabilizing business cycle fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124932653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information and Capital Flows Revisited: The Internet as a Determinant of Transactions in Financial Assets","authors":"Changkyu Choi, Dong‐Eun Rhee, Yonghyup Oh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2489832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489832","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the determinants of international transactions in financial assets empirically. We extend the gravity model in Portes et al. (2000) by introducing an internet variable. Using cross-country panel data on the portfolio flows between the US and other countries from 1990 to 2008, we found that the Internet turns out to mitigate the information asymmetries and thus increases cross-border portfolio flows between countries.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122264567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considering Happiness for Economic Development: Determinants of Happiness in Indonesia","authors":"K. Sohn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2489785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489785","url":null,"abstract":"Happiness is often ignored in development economics even though it is generally considered the ultimate goal in life. Using the Indonesia Family Life Survey, this paper elucidates factors related to happiness in Indonesia in an ordered probit analysis. Some factors yield results consistent with those in the literature, but other factors such as unemployment and female gender turn out to be not robust. Exogenous measures are introduced for past income mobility, social trust, and political environment. Also, measures with a more immediate impact on happiness are exploited for social trust and political environment. The sign of the coefficient on past income mobility is reversed once the variable is purged of endogeneity. Also, social trust and political environment are found to have little relationship with happiness. The last finding stands in stark contrast to the findings in the literature that uses measures only remotely related to happiness.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Exports: Productivity or Fixed Export Costs","authors":"Young gui Kim, Jeongmeen Suh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2489788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489788","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to take several key determinants of exports into consideration and to propose an empirical model to identify which factors affect firms’ export performance, whether to start exporting (export extensity) and how much they will export (export intensity). Extending the Melitz (2003) model, in our theoretical part, we consider firm heterogeneity in two dimensions; fixed cost as well as productivity. As a result, when a firm with low productivity engages in exporting, there can also be a higher productive firm facing relatively high fixed cost. This allows us to resolve the difficulty in interpreting controversial empirical results, for example, whether productivity or firm size is a key determinant of export. Furthermore, in our empirical part, by using Korean firm-level data, we conclude that productivity plays an important role when a firm decides whether to start exporting, while fixed export costs variables are important determinants of fractions of outputs to be exported.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133475610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"East Asian Financial and Monetary Cooperation and Its Prospect: Beyond the CMI","authors":"Young-joon Park, Yonghyup Oh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2488950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2488950","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the ASEAN 3 cooperation of regional financial safety nets, and reviews the regional monetary issues of a single currency and currency competition in East Asia. We point out potential systemic risks in East Asia and the importance of regional surveillance. ASEAN 3 regional surveillance should move forward to the stronger measures of peer review and peer pressure, and make the AMRO a well-resourced professional surveillance secretariat to create capacity to apply independent conditionality. To this effective surveillance mechanism, we propose to establish the Board of Coordination to support the ASEAN 3 ERPD by confirming its decision or remitting the relevant case to the ASEAN 3 ERPD and providing possible legal consultation. The institution building of the CMIM secretariat will accelerate the establishment of a regional monetary institution, e.g. an Asian Monetary Fund. The current crisis provides sufficient incentives for East Asian economies to pursue internationalization of their currencies, and it would open the possibility towards a single currency in East Asia.","PeriodicalId":425630,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: Working Papers (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121504362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}