{"title":"Distillation","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/9780203734643-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203734643-6","url":null,"abstract":"The most common methods of distillation are simple distillation and fractional distillation. Simple distillation can be used when the liquids to be separated have boiling points that are quite different. Fractional distillation should be used when the boiling points are similar. A short movie on setting up for fractional distillation is available. Distillation is a separation process that involves heating a liquid to its boiling point, transferring the vapour to a different portion of the apparatus, then condensing the vapour and collecting the condensate in another container. This technique is one of the most useful for separating a mixture of liquids when the components have different boiling points. Industrially, distillation is the basis for the separation of crude oil into the various, more useful hydrocarbon fractions. Chemically, distillation is the principal method for purifying liquids (e.g. samples, or solvents for performing reactions). Successful distillation depends on several factors, including the difference in boiling points of the materials in the mixture, and therefore the difference in their vapour pressures, the type of apparatus used, and the care exercised by the experimentalist.","PeriodicalId":423339,"journal":{"name":"Unit Operations Handbook","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133509799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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