AARN: Health & Illness (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Performance of Rajiv Aarogyasri on Rural Health Care in Telangana – A Study","authors":"V. Naveen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3636230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3636230","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with the performance of Rajiv Aarogyasri on rural health care in Telangana with special reference to Warangal district. The present paper is divided into three sections. Section-I deals with the conceptualization of the Rajiv Aarogyasri and its essential features. Section-II deals with the objectives and methodology. Findings and conclusions of the study had been presented in Section-III. The study is based on the following objectives: to analyses the importance of Rajiv Aarogyasri Scheme in general and the study area in particular; and to assess the performance of Rajiv Aarogyasri on rural health care in the study area. The present paper is primarily based the data gathered from primary and secondary sources.","PeriodicalId":420452,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Health & Illness (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129649396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contributions of Socioeconomic and Opioid Supply Factors to Geographic Variation in U.S. Drug Mortality Rates","authors":"Shannon M. Monnat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3346752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3346752","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades deaths from opioids and other drugs have grown to be a major U.S. population health problem, but the magnitude of the crisis varies across the U.S., and explanations for widespread geographic variation in the severity of the drug crisis are limited. An emerging debate is whether geographic differences in drug mortality rates are driven mostly by opioid supply factors or socioeconomic distress. To explore this topic, I examined relationships between county-level non-Hispanic white drug mortality rates for 2000-02 and 2014-16 and several socioeconomic and opioid supply measures across the urban-rural continuum and within different rural labor markets. Net of county demographic composition, average non-Hispanic white drug mortality rates are highest and increased the most in large metro counties. In 2014-16, the most rural counties had an average of 6.2 fewer deaths per 100,000 population than large metro counties. Economic distress, family distress, persistent population loss, and opioid supply factors (exposure to prescription opioids and fentanyl) are all associated with significantly higher drug mortality rates. However, the magnitude of associations varies across the urban-rural continuum and across different types of rural labor markets. In rural counties, economic distress appears to be a stronger predictor than opioid supply measures of drug mortality rates, but in urban counties, opioid supply factors are more strongly associated with drug mortality rates than is economic distress. Ultimately, the highest drug mortality rates are disproportionately concentrated in economically distressed mining and service sector dependent counties with high exposure to prescription opioids and fentanyl.","PeriodicalId":420452,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Health & Illness (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128209687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Opportunities for Early Childhood Development in Arab Countries","authors":"V. Hlasny","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2816411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2816411","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses 36 standardized population and health surveys – Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys and Pan-Arab Project for Family Health – from sixteen countries for years 2002–2015 to assess the evolution of early childhood opportunities in countries across the Arab region. Fifteen indicators for children’s basic opportunities – including qualified care for mothers during pregnancy and child delivery, children’s access to minimum nutrition, health, parental care and developmental activities – are assessed. The typical level of opportunities, inequality in opportunities across various socio-economic groups, and household characteristics responsible for the inequality are reviewed.The study concludes that access to ECD opportunities is largely inadequate and subject to vast inequality across the Arab region as well as within countries – particularly children’s height, access to iodized salt, enrolment in nurseries and preschool programs, cognitive stimulation at home, and violent disciplining. Across most countries, children’s height falls behind in the first two years of children’s life, suggesting that this is a crucial period in which a targeted institutional intervention could be most fruitful. While ECD opportunities are improving and becoming more equal over time across many countries, progress is uneven. For the rates of skilled care during child delivery, child immunization, and enrolment in preschool programs, access is deteriorating, perhaps reflecting low priority given to them in public policy. Among Arab countries, a number of indicators were deteriorating in Djibouti, Mauritania and Syria. Surprisingly, countries experiencing uprisings fare better than other Arab countries in terms of the level and trends in ECD opportunities. Regarding inequality in ECD opportunities, inequality in child mortality, rate of underweight, enrolment in preschool programs, engagement in developmental activities at home, violent disciplining of children, and child labor is deteriorating. Algeria, Djibouti and Syria have seen deterioration of inequality across many dimensions of ECD. Among household characteristics contributing to inequality, wealth accounts for 20–30 percent of inequality, parents’ education for another 25–35 percent, differences across administrative regions for 20–35 percent, and rural vs. urban residence for 5–15 percent. Interestingly, wealth affects inequality for ECD activities facilitated by markets or local governments such as nursery and preschool attendance, but not as much for non-market activities such as child disciplining and child labor. The relative influence of wealth and residence falls over time, while that of administrative regions and mother’s education rises. These findings have important policy implications. A number of the identified effects can be remedied with narrow interventions or assistance by state governments or non-governmental organizations. The study therefore provides so","PeriodicalId":420452,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Health & Illness (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127692492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Developmental Effect of State Alcohol Prohibitions at the Turn of the 20th Century","authors":"Mary F. Evans, Eric A. Helland, Jonathan Klick, Ashwin Patel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2465420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2465420","url":null,"abstract":"We exploit the quasi-randomization of alcohol consumption created by state-level alcohol prohibition laws passed in the U.S. in the early part of the 20th century. Using a large dataset of World War II enlistees, we exploit the differential timing of these laws to examine their effects on adult height, educational attainment, and obesity. We find statistically significant effects for all three outcome variables that do not appear to be the result of pre-existing trends. Our findings add to the growing body of economic studies that examine the long-run impacts of <i>in utero</i> and childhood environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":420452,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Health & Illness (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}