{"title":"Pro-Trump Partisanship and COVID-19 Mortality: A Model-Based Counterfactual Analysis","authors":"Dominik Liebl, U. Schüwer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3924620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3924620","url":null,"abstract":"We show that a higher share of Trump voters (who are less likely to comply with COVID-19 public health guidelines than Democratic voters) in a U.S. county leads to significantly more COVID-19 deaths during times of high regional infection risk. Our model-based counterfactual analysis finds that about 15 percent of the cumulative death rates in pro-Trump counties after the first year of the pandemic can be explained by a pro-Trump partisanship effect. The analysis considers demographic and socioeconomic differences between counties, unobserved heterogeneity on county and interacted week x state level, and non-linear effects due to spatiotemporal differences in infection risks.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132225971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Insurance Incentives on Road Safety: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in China","authors":"G. Dionne, Y. Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2933597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2933597","url":null,"abstract":"We contribute to the growing literature on moral hazard by offering empirical evidence of the effectiveness of insurance pricing incentives at improving road safety by comparing the claim frequency following a regulatory reform introduced in a pilot city in China with the experience of another city unaffected by the reform. By using the methodology of difference-in-differences, we find that improving insurance pricing on past claims and on traffic violations with full industry commitment reduces moral hazard and insured drivers’ claim frequency by 12%. The treatment effects are, however, heterogeneous with respect to insured drivers’ wealth and past claims history.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128895247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating the Effects of Universal Free School Meal Enrollment on Child Health: Evidence from the Community Eligibility Provision in Georgia Schools","authors":"W. Davis, Tareena Musaddiq","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3155354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3155354","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effect of providing universal free school meals through the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) on the percentage of healthy weight students attending a school and average Body Mass Index (BMI) score among the population of K-12 schools in the state of Georgia. Different specifications of school CEP eligibility are used as instruments for CEP participation in our analysis. We find that CEP participation leads to an increase in the percentage of healthy weight students attending a school and a decrease in average student BMI. Furthermore, we find no statistically significant evidence to support a deleterious effect from CEP participation on our aggregate measures of child weight. Subsample analyses suggest that the effect of CEP participation varies by school grade and location type, with smaller overall effects for schools serving older students and schools in suburbs/towns. We also show that our results are generally robust to different modeling specifications and key variable assumptions. Overall, the beneficial aggregate weight effects caused by CEP participation indicate that providing universal free meals in low-income schools may be a valuable tool in the fight against increasing rates of childhood overweight and obesity.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"1078 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114337553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Does Early Childcare Enrollment Affect Children, Parents, and Their Interactions?","authors":"Shintaro Yamaguchi, Yukiko Asai, Ryo Kambayashi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2932875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2932875","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effects of childcare enrollment on child outcomes by exploiting a staggered childcare expansion across regions in Japan. We find that childcare improves language development among boys and reduces aggression and the symptoms of ADHD among the children of low-education mothers. Estimates show that the improved child behavior is strongly associated with better parenting quality and maternal wellbeing. Evidence also suggests that promoting positive parenting practices is an important element of an effective childcare program. Our estimates for marginal treatment effects indicate that children who would benefit most from childcare are less likely to attend, implying inefficient allocation.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126972540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health Care and the Housing Crisis","authors":"Ben Gilbert, J. Wade","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2864950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2864950","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the percentage of people in a county without health insurance in 2005 is a strong and robust predictor of subsequent home value declines in that county during the housing crisis. Our preferred estimates indicate that a 10 percentage point increase in uninsured county residents in 2005 is associated with approximately 4 additional percentage points of home value decline between 2006 and 2010. We also provide evidence that this relationship was essentially nonexistent in Massachussets, where comprehensive health care reform was passed just before the housing crisis began. Our results contribute to the growing literature on the financial benefits of obtaining health insurance, but we are the first to show a link between health insurance and housing market outcomes. We also add to the literature on the household-level determinants of the recession; considering that uninsured households are likely to pay medical debt with consumer credit or home equity loans, our results shed light on one mechanism by which pre-recession household leverage may have exacerbated the recession. These results have important policy implications as the federal government considers a revision of the Affordable Care Act.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetry in Price Transmission in Agricultural Markets","authors":"A. McLaren","doi":"10.1111/rode.12151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12151","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the asymmetries in price transmission from international to local markets. We expect the presence of large intermediaries in agricultural markets to lead to a stronger price transmission when international prices decline than when they rise. The empirical evidence confirms the presence of asymmetric price transmission consistent with the presence of large intermediaries with monopsony power.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129423372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Identification of Peer Effect Models of Cognitive Achievement","authors":"Pilar Alcalde","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2192456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2192456","url":null,"abstract":"The identification problems of general peer effect models have been studied in depth. But cognitive achievement studies suffer two additional sources of bias that arise because the behavioral variable - student effort - is unobserved. This paper studies both sources of bias and analyzes the relative success of the identification strategies most commonly used. In a quadratic model, the equilibrium parameters suffer endogeneity bias except in three particular cases, which are fairly restrictive. Even in these three cases, the structural peer effects are not identified. The most common strategies achieve partial identification at best, even after assuming a unique mechanism for peer effort, and additional assumptions are needed on the production and cost function. This implies that the current empirical studies overestimate the true effect of peers on achievement.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123776864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimum Alcohol Use and Life Expectancy: A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"M. Georgiou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2215442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2215442","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, author will attempt to point out empirically that if alcohol is used in moderation up to a certain critical volume, then this will have a positive impact on human life expectancy, but beyond that critical volume life expectancy will be reduced. The sample covers all industrial world. Data are taken from OECD. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123631472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fettered Consumers and Sophisticated Firms: Evidence from Mexico&Apos;S Privatized Social Security Market","authors":"Fabián Duarte, Justine S. Hastings","doi":"10.3386/W18582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W18582","url":null,"abstract":"This paper brings new evidence from the privatized social security system in Mexico, offering insight into investment behavior and the efficacy of government \"nudges\" in the context of profit maximizing firms. We use administrative data from the social security system surrounding the government adoption of a new official fee index aimed at simplifying fees and increasing price sensitivity of investors. The fee index combined load and management fees in a particular way, implying that choosing a lower index firm could lead many workers to choose a higher-cost fund for them. We find that before the index, investors of all backgrounds paid little attention to fees when choosing fund managers. Post-policy intervention, investors heavily weighted the fee index regardless of whether doing so caused them to choose a higher-cost fund. In contrast to investors, we find that firms responded optimally to the changes in demand induced by government policy, restructuring rather than lowering their fees to minimize the index. The strategic response erased gains to consumers from increased price sensitivity and redistributed management fees from high-income to low-income segments of the market. We conclude that regulations and policies aimed at aiding consumer decision-making also need to incorporate firm incentives to be effective.","PeriodicalId":412621,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometrics: Applied Econometric Modeling in Microeconomics - Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122828009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}