The Eye and Foot in Diabetes最新文献

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91360

Ogugua N. Okonkwo

引用次数: 0

Novel Application of Immunomodulatory Mushroom Polysaccharide (β-Glucan) and Triterpenes for Diabetic Wound Care 免疫调节蘑菇多糖(β-葡聚糖)和三萜在糖尿病创面护理中的新应用

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93122

Shiu-Nan Chen, Yu-Sheng Wu, Sherwin Chen, Yaoyao Chang, Chung-Lun Lu

{"title":"Novel Application of Immunomodulatory Mushroom Polysaccharide (β-Glucan) and Triterpenes for Diabetic Wound Care","authors":"Shiu-Nan Chen, Yu-Sheng Wu, Sherwin Chen, Yaoyao Chang, Chung-Lun Lu","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93122","url":null,"abstract":"β-Glucan and triterpenes are two important derivative compounds from traditional medicinal mushroom, such as Ganoderma lucidum and Antrodia cinnamomea. β-glucan and triterpenes are considered to have immunoregulatory properties in disease treatment for long years. The immunoregulatory effects are usually activated through some transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and possess immunomodulatory activity. Difficulty in healing wound now is a common condition that occurred in diabetic patients, and the physiological hyperglycemic status of diabetic patients resulting in the wounds continue to produce an inflammatory response. Thus, we hope to use β-glucan and triterpenes for difficult wound healing that possess immunomodulatory activity on the wound micro-environment and stimulate the positive effects on healing. In this chapter, these two important derivative compounds from traditional medicinal mushroom were examined by diabetic mammal’s wound healing models. In these models, the skin wounds’ microenvironment is expected close to diabetic foot, suffering in hyperglycemic and inflammatory status. The results are clearly presented, with the immunomodulatory effects from mushroom β-glucan and triterpenes that involved in modulating the cell-mediated immune system to cause cellular proliferation and further to introduce healing performance of the chronic inflammation wounds.","PeriodicalId":403835,"journal":{"name":"The Eye and Foot in Diabetes","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127779538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Assessment of Diabetic Foot through the Developmental Stages of Lower Limb Abnormalities Using Ultrasound 利用超声通过下肢异常发育阶段评估糖尿病足

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92431

Suresh K.S., S. Kumar A

{"title":"Assessment of Diabetic Foot through the Developmental Stages of Lower Limb Abnormalities Using Ultrasound","authors":"Suresh K.S., S. Kumar A","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92431","url":null,"abstract":"A diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. This causes large number of lower leg amputations worldwide. Usually this disease is getting diagnosed in a very later stage. Ankle-arm index, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1C, high blood pressure, medial arterial calcification, nerve conduction velocity, peripheral vascular disease, systolic blood pressure, transcutaneous oxygen tension, etc. are some of the major indicators of a diabetic foot. Among these peripheral arterial abnormalities and neuropathy are the most dominant visible factors. Detection and monitoring of diabetic foot help to demonstrate the feet at risk of ulceration positively. This study reveals the various assessment methodologies of lower limb abnormalities leading to diabetic foot using ultrasound. Ultrasound is being used in various cases related to diabetic foot, from the identification of systolic pressure for the ankle brachial pressure index to the velocity analysis of hemodynamic studies. The study analyses the lower limb abnormalities and extracts the features of diabetic foot from the velocity spectrum of ultrasound Doppler scan.","PeriodicalId":403835,"journal":{"name":"The Eye and Foot in Diabetes","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115860780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Easy and Comprehensive Approach 糖尿病足溃疡：简单而全面的方法

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92585

I. Shaikh, Naila Masood Sddiqui, Javeria Hameed Shaikh

{"title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Easy and Comprehensive Approach","authors":"I. Shaikh, Naila Masood Sddiqui, Javeria Hameed Shaikh","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92585","url":null,"abstract":"Foot problems are commonly involved in diabetes, and the most common presentation of diabetes is an ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcer is a complex problem caused by reduced blood supply, nerve damage, or infection. But unfortunately in most of cases, these three factors have played a role for impairment of diabetic feet. Sometimes nerve damage or neuropathy is an initial insult, and multiple times ischemia is the leading factor for ulcer formation. After certain period, infection finally supervenes and makes a sterile ulcer to infected leads to loss of limb or foot. This becomes more complicated because of less pronounced ischemic symptoms in diabetic than non-diabetics. Furthermore, the healing of a neuroischemic ulcer is slowed down by microvascular dysfunction. Therefore, some ulcers can get better by revascularization, but pure ischemic ulcers rarely respond to revascularization. Many guidelines have largely ignored these specific demands related to ulcerated neuroischemic diabetic feet. Any diabetic foot ulcer should always be considered to have vascular impairment unless otherwise proven. This chapter highlights the best way to diagnose and treat these patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Most of the studies dealing with neuroischemic diabetic feet are not comparable in terms of patient populations, interventions, or outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift in diabetic foot care, that is, a new approach and classification of diabetics with foot ulcer in regard to clinical practice and research.","PeriodicalId":403835,"journal":{"name":"The Eye and Foot in Diabetes","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141202455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Diabetic Foot 神经认知功能障碍与糖尿病足

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2020-04-10 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91989

C. Fisher

引用次数: 0

Deficient Autophagy Contributes to the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy 缺乏自噬有助于糖尿病视网膜病变的发展

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89339

J. L. D. Faria, M. N. Dátilo

引用次数: 1

Advanced Glycation End Products: Formation, Role in Diabetic Complications, and Potential in Clinical Applications 晚期糖基化终产物:形成，在糖尿病并发症中的作用，以及在临床应用中的潜力

The Eye and Foot in Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89408

Rujman Khan, Xin Yee Ooi, Matthew Parvus, Laura Valdez, Andrew Tsin

{"title":"Advanced Glycation End Products: Formation, Role in Diabetic Complications, and Potential in Clinical Applications","authors":"Rujman Khan, Xin Yee Ooi, Matthew Parvus, Laura Valdez, Andrew Tsin","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89408","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperglycemic conditions and disruptions to glucose-regulating pathways lead to increased formation of highly reactive aldehydes, methylglyoxal and glyoxal, which react with certain arginine and lysine residues in proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs damage the integrity of the retinal vasculature predominantly through two mechanisms: non-receptor-mediated damage, which pertains to the interaction with extracellular matrix and its functional properties, and receptor-mediated damage through AGE interactions with their receptors (RAGE) on pericytes and Muller cells. Damage occurring between AGE and RAGE potentially generates reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Both mechanisms result in increased permeability of endothelial tight junctions, and this increased permeability can lead to leaking and eventually ischemia. Once this ischemia becomes significant, neovascularization can occur, the hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Current pharmaceutical studies have shown the potential of AGE inhibitors, such as aminoguanidine, in decreasing AGE production, thus minimizing its effects in hyperglycemic conditions. Other pharmaceutical interventions, such as Tanshinone IIA, aim to protect cells from the impacts of AGEs. Future research will not only continue to understand the properties of AGEs and their effects on diabetes and diabetic complications like diabetic retinopathy but will also explore how they impact other diseases.","PeriodicalId":403835,"journal":{"name":"The Eye and Foot in Diabetes","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126616029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7