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How common is fatigue across chronic health conditions in children and young people? A systematic review 疲劳在儿童和年轻人的慢性健康状况中有多普遍?系统回顾

The Open Review Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.47967/torcol

Kiesha Kiesha, M. Loades

{"title":"How common is fatigue across chronic health conditions in children and young people? A systematic review","authors":"Kiesha Kiesha, M. Loades","doi":"10.47967/torcol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47967/torcol","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue is a common experience for adults with chronic health conditions. Less is understood about the prevalence of fatigue in the paediatric population. This review aimed to synthesise what is known about the point prevalence of fatigue across chronic health conditions within children and young people. Three databases were searched, from January 2000 to July 2021, to identify studies reporting prevalence rates in chronic health conditions in under 18s. Methodological quality was assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cross-Sectional Studies. Twenty-five studies were included. Variations in the assessment of fatigue, across a range of conditions, and heterogenous reporting of prevalence precluded meaningful meta-analysis and so narrative synthesis was completed. Discrepancies in prevalence reports were noted within and across conditions and between child and parent reports but showed fatigue to be more prevalent in those with chronic health conditions compared to healthy peers. Despite discrepancy in prevalence rates of fatigue, some level of fatigue is present across chronic health conditions and tends to be higher in this population compared to healthy peers. Limitations alongside clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":403303,"journal":{"name":"The Open Review","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128174989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TRANSFORMATION 转换

The Open Review Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.47967/tor2022trans

Rengin Yamur Akbiyik

{"title":"TRANSFORMATION","authors":"Rengin Yamur Akbiyik","doi":"10.47967/tor2022trans","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47967/tor2022trans","url":null,"abstract":"STEPS MATERIALS N AM E CATAL OG # VEN DOR LB Broth J106-2KG Transformation V.4 Rengin Yamur Akbiyik , Sevval Uysalcan Istanbul Bilgi University Works for me dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.2nwgdfe Rengin Yamur Akbiyik Istanbul Bilgi University May 07, 2019 1 1 1 Transformation is a direct modification of the genotype of a cell from a different one by extracellular applications using recombinant DNA techniques. Transformation refers generally to the integration of exogenous DNA into the cell and its integration into the genome. Before starting the transformation process, the gene of interest is ligated with the plasmid vector via the ligase enzyme. This process is called ligation. Generally, nucleic acids or plasmids cannot enter into bacterial cells by themselves. The stimulatory effect is required for that purpose. This means that the cell membranes to be transformed must be pre-arranged. Bacteria that can contain free DNA are called competent bacteria. Some bacteria are highly competitive in normal growth conditions; but some must be treated with chemical or physical methods to gain competitive properties. Competent cells which are cells are generally stimulated with calcium chloride about chemically and the cell membranes are arranged such that the plasmid vector containing the gene of interest can harbor the vector. Some bacterial cells are lasting competent, however; most of them need to be influenced for being competent. There are two ways about this transformation process that; • Chemical Transformation • Electrical Transformation (Electroporation) In general, chemical transformation is used. In chemical way, some special chemicals are used to open the pores which are found in cell membrane. This is because, opening the pores represents the availability of being permeable. Most of the time, divalent ions like Ca++ are used with assistance of heat-shock.","PeriodicalId":403303,"journal":{"name":"The Open Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123542654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0