{"title":"Conceptualizing ‘meritocracy’ as ruling legitimacy in the course of China’s history, transformation, and global rise","authors":"Xing Li","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125895703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic dictators","authors":"Elina Sinkkonen","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-11","url":null,"abstract":"Authoritarian resilience is a complex phenomenon, which a new wave of\u0000research helps us to understand better. Autocratization does not happen only\u0000in democracies, rather it can also happen in already authoritarian\u0000countries. As higher power concentration is associated with both increased\u0000war-proneness and domestic repression, autocratization trends should not be\u0000understated. In the Chinese case, researchers disagree whether increased\u0000power concentration is a sign of regime strength or weakness. As the first\u0000step towards solving this puzzle, elements of authoritarian governance have\u0000to be described in detail and measured if possible. This chapter provides a\u0000framework for understanding changing levels of power concentration and how\u0000they might be linked with authoritarian resilience. It looks at elite level\u0000dynamics in China and discusses elements of power concentration including\u0000personalization, administrative centralization, and state control over\u0000economic assets. There is a general trend of deepening autocratization\u0000during Xi Jinping’s regime. Institutional arrangements in existing\u0000institutions such as Party bodies and the People’s Liberation Army,\u0000innovation of new institutions, and purges of opponents show a clear trend\u0000of power concentration. Before the Xi era, the central government shared\u0000power with regional administrations and China’s level of fiscal\u0000decentralization was relatively high in international comparison. More\u0000recently, the tide has turned towards increasing centralization. In the\u0000economic realm, China’s development model has many features ensuring Party\u0000control. New forms of control such as the social credit system have emerged\u0000along with traditional measures, such as state control of the financial\u0000sector and special arrangements guiding state-owned companies.","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125810488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Chinese model of development","authors":"Julie Yu-Wen Chen, Obert Hodzi","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116943899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading between the lines","authors":"Sabine Mokry","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121288661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In the name of stability","authors":"K. Hladíková","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124918736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural heritage politics in China","authors":"Christina Maags","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131633039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marx in China","authors":"W. McBride","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130056246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Martial legacies","authors":"Eric Setzekorn","doi":"10.4324/9780429059704-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059704-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":401153,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130656987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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