{"title":"The Twenties and the Thirties:","authors":"","doi":"10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399609,"journal":{"name":"American Unemployment","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127660315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discipline for the Unemployed; Laissez-Faire for Business (1873–1920)","authors":"Frank Stricker","doi":"10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.5","url":null,"abstract":"There was virtually no federal spending to counteract five major depressions or substantial unemployment in between. Unemployed people received almost no public or private assistance, and they were the target of nasty stereotypes. This chapter analyzes those who promoted negative views, including classical economists who claimed that unregulated markets tended to produce full employment, and charity organization leaders like Josephine Shaw Lowell who believed that poor people needed to be disciplined. The chapter also discusses defenders of the working class, including economist John Commons and reformer Jacob Coxey, who wanted public works for the unemployed. Over time more policy-makers gained a compassionate and scientific comprehension of unemployment, but federal policy in 1920 was not very different from what it had been in 1880.","PeriodicalId":399609,"journal":{"name":"American Unemployment","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114195699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why So Much Unemployment?","authors":"Frank Stricker","doi":"10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.11","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter sifts through common explanations for excessive unemployment: the unemployed are too lazy and too picky; untrained and unskilled, they are undesirable hires; employers discriminate against African Americans and other minorities; immigrants take all the jobs; as part of globalization, employers have sent many jobs abroad; robots take too many jobs; high wages mean that some employers cannot afford to hire; high taxes limit the money employers have for hiring. Some of these factors contribute to more unemployment in the whole economy and for special groups. But the chapter concludes that the decisive reasons why the United States rarely has full employment are found in the way unregulated capitalism thrives on a labor surplus, and in business leaders, conservative and neoliberal politicians, and economists who resist government job creation programs.","PeriodicalId":399609,"journal":{"name":"American Unemployment","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117104030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Pay, Great Recession (2001–2018)","authors":"Frank Stricker","doi":"10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctv1220rqn.9","url":null,"abstract":"Jobs recovered slowly under George W. Bush after the 2001 recession. Growth was boosted by easy credit and a housing boom, but the seeds of the Great Recession were being sown as working-class incomes stayed down. The system crashed in 2008 and unemployment soared. Barack Obama organized deficit spending and job creation, while the Federal Reserve injected trillions of dollars into the economy. Republican resistance and Democratic timidity meant that the federal stimulus was too little by half. The top 10 percent of households recovered faster than the bottom 50 percent. This chapter includes stories of individuals struggling with the loss of jobs and housing. It describes long-term changes that intensify employee insecurity. More jobs are non-union and more employees receive no benefits, face arbitrary schedules, and are classified as independent contractors.","PeriodicalId":399609,"journal":{"name":"American Unemployment","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127508519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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