BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies最新文献

{"title":"PERAN UN WOMEN DALAM ISU KETIDAKSETARAAN GENDER DI PAKISTAN","authors":"Kinanti Diah Ayu Setyowati, Andini Aulia Fitriyanti, Prilla Marsingga","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.122","url":null,"abstract":"In 1994, UNDP released a report on human security, which included a point on personal security. The issue of gender inequality is a threat to personal security. Pakistan is a country that continues to advocate for and work towards gender equality. Inequalities in socio-economic development and the influence of a social structure based on a feudal system led to differences in the level of gender inequality in Pakistan. The high level of gender inequality in Pakistan affects women's ability to fully enjoy their rights. Using the concepts of international organizations, human security theory, and gender equality, this research aims to examine the role of the international organization UN Women in increasing gender equality in Pakistan. Employing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach as the framework, this research found that UN Women serves as a facilitator, communicator, and motivator in advancing gender equality, promoting Sustainable Development Goal 5, and protecting women from violence and discrimination. UN Women actively plays a role in achieving gender equality in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SISTEM PERTAHANAN ISRAEL DALAM MENGHADAPI PERKEMBANGAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL","authors":"Josafath Imanuel, Arfin Sudirman, Falhan Hakiki","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.131","url":null,"abstract":"Israel was founded on May 14, 1948, with a declaration made by David Ben-Gurion. Since its founding, Israel has often faced external threats from other countries, such as Egypt and Jordan. As time goes by, Israel manages to reach peace agreements with its neighboring countries. It turns out that the external threats does not stop. Now, Israel needs to face threats from non-state actors such as Hamas and Hezbollah. Apart from that, developments in international relations have impacted the strategies for achieving national security. This research employs two theories: National Security with three key concepts and Civil-Military Relations with three key concepts. The research utilizes a qualitative method, including literature studies and internet-based research for data collection. This research aims to identify Israel's civil-military relations in facing non-traditional threats to ensure its national security. The results indicate that civil-military relations in Israel, integrated into the democratic system model, have successfully adapted to developments in national security. However, based on the findings of this research, there is no Israeli document in the form of a Defense White Paper serving as a basic constitution for dialogue between the government and the Israel Defense Force (IDF).","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"23 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EKONOMI POLITIK PERLINDUNGAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL: STUDI KASUS KEBIJAKAN PUBLISHER RIGHTS AUSTRALIA TERHADAP GOOGLE DAN FACEBOOK","authors":"Sirwan Yazid Bustami","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.134","url":null,"abstract":"Australian news media publishers are facing serious challenges as Google and Facebook emerge as digital platforms in the Australian media industry. They have transformed into the main pillars of media industry as they monopolize distribution and monetization of news content as well as the digital advertising market, thus dominate Australia’s digital market share. Their power and dominance in controlling the flow of information and digital advertising have drawn attention of the Australian government. In response, the Australian government enacted the publisher rights policy through adoption of the News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code (NMBC). Google and Facebook reacted strongly against the NMBC and threatened to close the services in Australia. This research aims to explain the reasons behind Australia’s enactment of the publisher rights policy against Google and Facebook. Using the analytical descriptive research methods combined with theory of regulatory mercantilism, concept of digital sovereignty, and concept of intellectual property rights, this study argues that enactment of the publisher rights policy is due to the imbalance of bargaining power between the Australian news media publishers and Google and Facebook. In addition, this policy was enacted due to the reduction in traditional revenue received by the traditional news media publishers as a result of declining advertising revenue, content purchases, and subscriptions that pose a threat to sustainability of Australia’s news media industry. Lastly, the adoption of the publisher rights policy is due to the centralized media power of Google and Facebook which endangers diversity of Australian news media.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) KANADA DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI KEMISKINAN DAN MEMPERKUAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG DAN AFRIKA TAHUN 2018-2022","authors":"Alfredha Shinta Putri, Atifa Zakiah Mutmainna, Haidhar Fadhil Wardoyo, Mochammad Rifki Febriansyah","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.147","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze the provision of Official Development Assistance (ODA) from the Canadian government to developing countries and African countries to reduce poverty and strengthen human rights in 2018-2022. Canada is a developed country that provides a lot of humanitarian assistance to developing countries and African countries. This raises the question, “What is the role of Canadian ODA in reducing poverty and strengthening human rights in Africa in 2018-2022?” To help answer the question, the authors use the concept of Humanitarian Financing. ODA provided by Canada in Africa is in the form of financial assistance. In conducting research, this article uses a qualitative research method, namely a literature study by collecting various books, journals, articles, and other sources to be able to answer this problem.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"120 S156","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEOREALISM AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: A MORE CYNICAL PERSPECTIVE TOWARDS UNJUST WAR?","authors":"Muwalliha Syahdani, Hayuningrum Citra Maharsi, Cut Medika Zellatifanny","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v2i1.145","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of digital technology, especially in warfare, on the one hand, exacerbates the judgment of the war. After the world experienced a major-devastating World War (I and II), International Relations – as a practice vis-à-vis discipline – has gone through a synthesis phase. Although the world has looked very different from the 19th century, states, as the acknowledged primary actors, are still chasing their national interests and power. Russia is one of the major powers after World War II, willing to reclaim its past glory by showing its possession towards the neighboring countries, one of which is Ukraine. This paper tries to judge the presence of digital technology as a combat equipment in worsening the magnitude of the war. This paper uses the International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as the principal guide for conducting a war. By contrast, what was happening in the field (das sein) will be seen through a Neorealism perspective as one of the major perspectives in International Relations studies. As the first full-scale modern cyber war, Russia-Ukraine has exemplified the use of digital technology to obscure the purposes of the war – creating a just and justified means to achieve national interest apart from political ways.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"29 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIPLOMASI MARATON INDONESIA TERHADAP ISU RAKHINE STATE","authors":"Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.56","url":null,"abstract":"The conflict in Myanmar was triggered by discrimination against one of the ethnic minorities, namely the Rohingya living in Rakhine State. In 2017, the conflict in Rakhine State broke out again when a military operation carried out by the Myanmar military attacked the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), one of the armed militia groups in Rakhine State. This military operation caused the Rohingya ethnic in Rakhine State to become victims. The Indonesian government made a quick move by performing marathon diplomacy. One of the implementations of marathon diplomacy carried out by the Indonesian government is to directly visit Myanmar and meet with several Myanmar authorities who are responsible for the incident. The Indonesian government also went to Bangladesh, visiting the Rohingya refugee sites with the largest number of refugees. This Indonesian marathon diplomacy approach bore fruit because the Indonesian delegates were later well welcomed by the government of Myanmar and Indonesia also received support from the United Nations (UN) and other countries for its humanitarian action in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125955542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHINA’S GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY OF SILK ROAD: CHINA AND THE ASIA SECURITY ARCHITECTURE IN XI JINPING GOVERNMENT","authors":"Gesti Anggraini, Adi Rio Arianto, Pradono Budi Saputro","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.59","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st Century Chinese Silk Road has shown China a strong influence in the establishment of the Asia Security Architecture during the Xi Jinping Administration. As a regional power, China’s responsibility continues to grow during the formation of “the 21st Century Silk Road” to achieve “Chinese Dreams”. By using methodology of qualitative research with techniques of interviews, the results found that China succeeded in influencing regional countries and institutions through China's foreign and security policy strategy to changes Asia from conflict into harmony (kerukunan). These changes namely the policies to Embrace Uygurs and Taiwan, Asia and Trans-Asia Multilateralism, Peace on the Korean Peninsula, Sub-regional powers as the Asia Harmony Embryo, DOC and COC Policies in the South China Sea, SAAARC and Strategic Cooperation in South Asia, SCO and Joint Security in Asia and Across Asia, as well as BRICS and Strengthening of Inter-Regional Power Economies. This discussion is focused on (1) Asia security architecture before “the 21st Century of China Silk Road”, (2) Asia security architecture during “the 21st Century of China Silk Road”, (3) evolution of foreign policy strategies and national security policy of China “Open Door Policy”during Xi Jinping, (4) power polarization and strategic partnership in Asia, (5) China as regional power in Asia, and (6) The 21st Century Chinese Silk Road and Harmonious Asia. The result, China's influence is shown in the terms, namely: (1) the establishment of “Asia Bumisutera Dunia”, (2) formation of “Asia Benua Pemersatu”, (3) strengthening “Asia Benua Multi-Equilibrium”, (4) strengthening “Asia Benua Teduh”, and (5) strengthening “Asia Benua Harmoni.” The researchers believes that to understand the Asia Security Architecture is advisable use cross-paradigm, therefore the researchers briefly introduces paradigm, philosophy, and theory of Manunggalism through the Eastern World Relations Theories (WRT) and Mazhab Indonesia (Indonesian School) with the birth of the discipline of “Ilmu Antarbangsa (World Relations)” by mainstreaming the gotong royong World Relations System to challenge the Western International Relations Theories (IRT) that tends to anarchism system.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115113326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROPOSAL NUCLEAR NAVAL PROPULSION DARI INDONESIA UNTUK PBB SEBAGAI RESPONS ATAS DINAMIKA KEAMANAN DI INDO-PASIFIK","authors":"Arthamevya Zherlindya, Putri Darmawan, Ratu Salmazahra Karmilawaty","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom set up AUKUS defense technology cooperation in 2021. In this collaboration, the United States and the United Kingdom show commitments to help Australia have nuclear-powered submarines. The nuclear-powered submarine development program triggered Indonesia to submit an Indonesian paper entitled Nuclear Naval Propulsion during the Non-Proliferation Treaty conference at the United Nations headquarters in 2022. The paper contains Indonesia’s proposal to bridge countries that support AUKUS and countries that protest against AUKUS. In the Indonesian paper, Indonesia stated that the country agreed on the development of nuclear energy, but it should be for peaceful purposes, not for the development of nuclear weapons. This study aims to analyze why Indonesia proposed the Nuclear Naval Propulsion. This study uses a qualitative methodology and Graham Allison's rational actor theory to explain the advantages and disadvantages of a policy. This research found that Indonesia submitted the Indonesian paper because Indonesia saw the indecisiveness of the articles in the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Through the Indonesian paper, Indonesia seeks to maintain state sovereignty and security, fill the legal vacuum regarding nuclear powered submarines, and protect the Indonesian marine environment from the threat of nuclear weapons.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130160745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEMBATASAN AKSES INTERNET SEBAGAI UPAYA CHINA MENJAGA KEAMANAN NASIONAL: THE GREAT FIREWALL OF CHINA","authors":"Faisal Zulfikar","doi":"10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v1i1.54","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet is a key factor in driving globalization. The internet enables people around the world to have an easier access to expand knowledge and collaborate. As such, countries seek to learn how the Internet works. However, China, which has the largest number of internet users in the world, instead created a censorship system called the Great Firewall of China. China set up the system because it saw that the Internet was formed by the values of freedom promoted by the western countries. Therefore, national security became the main factor motivating China to build the system. By using the theory of neoliberalism and the concept of national security, this research aims to explain the Great Firewall of China to protect its national security. The research method used in this research is analytical descriptive, with literature studies in place. The results of the study show that the idea of cyber sovereignty promoted by China has not only led to the implementation of a censorship system at the domestic level, but has also had an impact on the multinational company Google in China. The Great Firewall of China forced Google to leave China.","PeriodicalId":398702,"journal":{"name":"BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}