{"title":"Francis of Assisi","authors":"Carolyn A. Muessig","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198795643.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795643.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2 looks at the stigmatization of Francis of Assisi in the thirteenth century and how his reception of the stigmata was mainly understood as a miraculous event. The chapter also traces how the miracle met with acceptance and resistance during the following centuries. Some theologians argued that the cause of the wounds was strictly divine, while others emphasized that Francis’s love for Christ initiated the stigmata. The power and function of prayer, however, featured in most explanations that sought to understand the nature of Francis’s wounds. A series of papal bulls promulgated by a number of thirteenth-century popes, which secured widespread support for the Franciscan claim of stigmatic supremacy, are also considered in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":397435,"journal":{"name":"The Stigmata in Medieval and Early Modern Europe","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124544732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catherine of Siena","authors":"Carolyn A. Muessig","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198795643.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795643.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 examines theories of stigmatology that emerged during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The works of the Franciscan Bartolomeo of Pisa (d. 1401) and the Dominican Tommaso Caffarini (d. 1434) established categories of stigmatization that provide insight into the devotional, theological, philosophical, and cultural implications of the phenomenon and the place it held in late medieval religious life. In several theological and devotional circles stigmatization could be a diverse experience, far from being a unique miracle related to Francis of Assisi alone. Catherine of Siena emerges as the most charismatic stigmatic of the fourteenth century, whose invisible wounds became the insignia for Dominican reform and female authority. The fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries were crucial moments in the history of stigmatology when a diversity of stigmatic realities was robustly defended and promoted.","PeriodicalId":397435,"journal":{"name":"The Stigmata in Medieval and Early Modern Europe","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127806968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Carolyn A. Muessig","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198795643.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795643.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In the ‘Introduction’ to this volume, to explicate my methodology I used an example of a contemporary stigmatic, Toaipuapuagā Opapo Soana’i. Her wounds have elicited conflicted responses that include belief, disbelief, and accusations of fraud. In academic circles Toaipuapuagā’s wounds have invited reflection on what the stigmata mean to her immediate community in relation to the social, political, and religious challenges that they face....","PeriodicalId":397435,"journal":{"name":"The Stigmata in Medieval and Early Modern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128996282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}