{"title":"Aladdin Optical Biometer","authors":"Alessandro Foggi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This chapter is a full description and analysis of the technology behind the Aladdin Optical biometer. It includes a complete description of how it works for biometry measurements including a thorough discussion of its corneal topography capabilities as well as the determination of corneal power and evaluation of keratoconus as well as spherical aberration. There is a complete description of IOL power capabilities and how to use the IOL power software and included formulas in the instrument.","PeriodicalId":39699,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"363-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_24.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IOL Constant Optimization","authors":"Petros Aristodemou","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Differences between IOL designs and biometry methods are sources of systematic error and can displace the average prediction error away from 0.0D. These require an adjustment of the IOL constant to reset the mean prediction error to 0.0D0.0D, so that the IOL formula can perform at its best. This review discusses the reasons why IOL constants may differ based on IOL characteristics and biometry method, as well as causes of erroneous estimation of IOL constants that should be taken into account. The chapter also describes various methodologies for optimizing IOL constants, from simple empirical methods to the conventional optimization approach by iteration using computerized spreadsheets. The code to perform these calculations is provided. The chapter ends by discussing the IOL power formulae with more than one constant and how these can be optimized.","PeriodicalId":39699,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"551-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_36.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Biometry","authors":"Magdalena Nenning, Nino Hirnschall, Oliver Findl","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of optical biometry has improved very significantly the accuracy and precision of the measurement of the axial length (AL) which is one of the essential variables for the calculation of the intraocular lens (IOL) power. In this chapter, the technologies of the different interferometric setups are described in detail: from PCI to OLCR, finally arriving at the present day used swept-source OCT. The accurate measurement of anterior chamber length and lens thickness with these methods has given way to the development of modern IOL power calculation formulas. Optical biometry provides the surgeon with a B-scan of the eye allowing the identification of anatomical boundaries even in the case of very dense cataracts. The OCT technology has also been applied in the intraoperative measurement of the IOL position.","PeriodicalId":39699,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"177-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_10.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toric Calculations","authors":"Giacomo Savini, Adi Abulafia","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_62","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Older toric calculators were limited by the use of the keratometric astigmatism (with no information about posterior corneal curvature) and the adoption of a fixed ratio between the cylinder at the IOL plane and the cylinder at the corneal plane. A discussion about these issues that have been solved by newer calculators is provided along with a brief introduction to the influence of IOL tilt on the refractive outcomes of toric IOLs. The Abulafia-Koch, Barrett, Barrett True-K, EVO, Goggin, Holladay, Johnson & Johnson, Kane, Næser-Savini, Rayner, and Zeiss toric calculators are described. According to the published studies, the percentage of eyes with an absolute prediction error of the cylinder within 0.50 D ranges between 55 and 79% with calculators estimating Total Corneal Astigmatism (TCA), whereas it is close to 40% with calculators using measured TCA and around 25–30% with calculators using Keratometric Astigmatism (KA).","PeriodicalId":39699,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"871-880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_62.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Axial Length Measurement","authors":"David L. Cooke","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The physical conditions for optical biometry are reviewed, and the difference between conventional axial length measurements and segmented, or sum-of-segments axial length readings explained. Segmented axial length reading may have an advantage over the conventional axial length readings—especially in the extreme range—and examples are given of the difference between the two methods and also between different biometers.","PeriodicalId":39699,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"197-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_11.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147891030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Olsen Formula","authors":"Thomas Olsen","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_50","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ambition of the Olsen formula was to develop a thick-lens formula based on paraxial ray tracing as assumption-free as possible allowing for a full-thickness calculation of the cornea and the IOL power and the use of real physical dimensions—including the physical position of the IOL—to be used in the formula. From 2012, the Olsen formula was modified to allow exact ray tracing on aspheric surfaces to include the effect of spherical aberration. The prediction of the IOL position has been improved over the years based on numerous clinical measurements of the actual IOL position and the correlation with relevant preoperative clinical parameters (see chapter on ELP estimation). An important step was the development of the C-constant concept which predicts the IOL position as a fraction of the preoperative lens thickness, thereby reducing the number of indirect parameters in the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":39699,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"731-740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_50.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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