{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"L. Valladares","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 concludes by pointing out the current way favelas are now seen, thanks to the three dogmas introduced in the previous chapter. Researchers through their census have seen that, contrary to popular belief, there are high levels of heterogeneity in the favela communities. Favelas do not just house one type of person but a diverse group. Yet, favelas continue to be categorized as for “the poor” by International NGOs and governments. Social Tourism is also spoken of in the concluding chapter. Favelas such as the Rocinha give paid tours to tourists, but they also aim to show the favelas’ good aspects in order to eliminate their negative connotation.","PeriodicalId":396283,"journal":{"name":"The Invention of the Favela","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127310374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genesis of the Rio Favela","authors":"L. Valladares","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains the rise and history of the Favela, or as the book likes to refer to it, the “Favelization Process.” While it is said that Favela were in some ways the first of their kind, the book points out that there were other versions, such as tenements. The book gives examples of different favela communities, including el Morro de Favella, a historical place authorities pursued in cleaning up. Mattos Pimenta was one of the many hygienists working towards getting rid of favelas in the nation. The chapter continues to speak of Alfred Agache a man who unlike Pimenta saw the favela situation as what it truly was: a side effect of poverty, not some sickness that needed to be cleaned up. Finally, the chapter ends on census data and considers the difficulty on]f being able to verify how many people live in the favelas.","PeriodicalId":396283,"journal":{"name":"The Invention of the Favela","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126226732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Shift to the Social Sciences","authors":"L. Valladares","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter displays how different foreigners aimed to help the understanding of the favelas through social sciences. The chapter considers one of the most notable to be Father Louis-Joseph Lebret, one of the founders of the French Catholic movement Economie et Humanisme. The chapter dips into Lebret’s ideas about favelas. Further on in the chapter, the Peace Corps is introduced. As the book explains, the Peace Corps rose during the Kennedy presidency and were deployed to Brazil. While they received training, their presence was not as effective as they had anticipated.","PeriodicalId":396283,"journal":{"name":"The Invention of the Favela","volume":"7 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131250494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Favela of the Social Sciences","authors":"L. Valladares","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter begins by emphasizing three dogmas: the specificity of the favela seems particularly resistant; the favela as the space of poverty is also resistant but less so; and the unity of the favela is also being partly shattered. This chapter then focuses on graduate education in Brazil during that late 19th century. It describes the rise of social sciences as the area of study for many students. With that came more focus on urban poverty and public policies, such as the Policy of Removal. Once again, the author emphasizes the need to see favelas not as a problem to be removed but a problem to be improved. Finally, the chapter’s last pages focus on Survey Research with regard to favela and favela residents.","PeriodicalId":396283,"journal":{"name":"The Invention of the Favela","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128670537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"L. Valladares","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649986.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The epilogue emphasizes the time this book was written (1990s-2000s) and the 30 years of research needed to complete the book. It also discusses the favelas’ expansion throughout the last century or so. Other items of note include NGOs and their involvement with favelas, as well as public policies that aim to get rid of favelas instead of aiding them. Violence is also mentioned along with the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) and its inconsistent presence to eliminate violence in the favelas. The book concludes that while the stigmatization of favelas is still present, there is being work done to better the favelas’ reputation.","PeriodicalId":396283,"journal":{"name":"The Invention of the Favela","volume":"16 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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