Breaching the Bronze Wall: Franks at Mamluk and Ottoman Courts and Markets最新文献

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‘Men Like the Franks’: Dealing with Diversity in Medieval Norms and Courts “像法兰克人一样的人”:处理中世纪规范和法院的多样性

Breaching the Bronze Wall: Franks at Mamluk and Ottoman Courts and Markets Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.1163/9789004431737_004

{"title":"‘Men Like the Franks’: Dealing with Diversity in Medieval Norms and Courts","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004431737_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004431737_004","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, an enquiry into crossconfessional exchanges would have naturally started with the amān charts and similar documents, the diplomatic formulation of the socalled ‘treaties of commerce.’ And indeed, this is despite the fact that historians of Islam have long since pointed out the problematic nature of such artifacts, contesting the idea that amān treaties and similar artifacts were real, bilateral agreements and even questioning the very idea of Islamic diplomacy. Recent research insists on the heterogeneous nature of these documents, which grouped together a diverse array of institutions, such as the truce and the safeconduct, and also highlights the perils of understanding medieval treaties in light of the later, uneven Ottoman ‘capitulations.’1 One is struck by the importance attached to such diplomatic artifacts by Western historiography, an interest that does not seem to have declined in recent years. One argument that is often cited is that these texts depart from the basic postulates of legal theory, such as the imposition of taxes considered illegal by sharīʿa, the reliance on written documents as proof, or the unbeliever’s status in Islamic lands and the duration of his stay.","PeriodicalId":394625,"journal":{"name":"Breaching the Bronze Wall: Franks at Mamluk and Ottoman Courts and Markets","volume":"129 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116326655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Conclusions 结论

Breaching the Bronze Wall: Franks at Mamluk and Ottoman Courts and Markets Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.1163/9789004431737_006

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Ottoman Legal Attitudes towards Diversity 奥斯曼帝国对多样性的法律态度

Breaching the Bronze Wall: Franks at Mamluk and Ottoman Courts and Markets Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.1163/9789004431737_005

giovanni dario

{"title":"Ottoman Legal Attitudes towards Diversity","authors":"giovanni dario","doi":"10.1163/9789004431737_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004431737_005","url":null,"abstract":"In 1484, the Senate of Venice dispatched one of its citizens, Giovanni Dario, as ambassador to the Court of Sultan Bayezid ii. An experienced diplomat, he had been appointed as ambassador to the sultan’s predecessor Mehmed ii five years before; on that occasion, Dario had to deal with the humiliating losses of a number of Venetian outposts, such as Scutari in Albania, and the rich colony of Negroponte in the Aegean, which had belonged for centuries to the Serenissima. After dealing with painful borderland issues during his first mission in Istanbul, Dario labored to prevent Ottoman involvement in Italian affairs pursuant to the war of Ferrara, which opposed the Papacy and his allies against Venice. During this episode of the Italian internecine wars, Pope Sixtus iv (1471– 84) went so far as to invoke the Ottoman assistance against Venice, and proceeded to excommunicate the Venetians. The Turks, it has to be noted, declined to receive the Pope’s ambassador to Istanbul on that occasion. In the context of these diplomatic intrigues, Dario attended numerous meetings with Ottoman dignitaries, the pashas, and as a result sent twentytwo dispatches reporting on his progress to the Doge and the Senate. In his missives, Dario addresses, among other subjects, a fair number of borderland issues, ranging from the enslavement of former Venetian subjects in regions recently lost to the Ottomans to the building of bridges across borderland watersides. It is in this context too that both the Venetian envoy and the pashas exchanged jokes about the excommunication imposed by Sixtus iv, and even about the news of the Pope’s death. On several occasions, Dario confesses having found amusement in these irreverent exchanges with the pashas: “the other day the pashas said to me that the new pope had not yet absolved them of his excommunication, and I answered that this was not necessary, since the","PeriodicalId":394625,"journal":{"name":"Breaching the Bronze Wall: Franks at Mamluk and Ottoman Courts and Markets","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124178660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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