Ramona Marfievici, P. Corbalán, David Rojas, A. Mcgibney, S. Rea, D. Pesch
{"title":"Tales from the C130 Horror Room: A Wireless Sensor Network Story in a Data Center","authors":"Ramona Marfievici, P. Corbalán, David Rojas, A. Mcgibney, S. Rea, D. Pesch","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3143343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3143343","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of the management and control of modern data centers is cooling and energy optimization. Airflow and temperature measurements are key components for modeling and predicting environmental changes and cooling demands. For this, a wireless sensor network (WSN) can facilitate the sensor deployment and data collection in a changing environment. However, the challenging characteristics of these scenarios, e.g., temperature fluctuations, noise, and large amounts of metal surfaces and wiring, make it difficult to predict network behavior and therefore network planning and deployment. In this paper we report a 17-month long deployment of 30 wireless sensor nodes in a small data center room, where temperature, humidity and airflow were collected, along with RSSI, LQI, and battery voltage. After an initial unreliable period, a connectivity assessment performed on the network revealed a high noise floor in some of the nodes, which together with a default low CCA threshold triggered no packet transmissions, yielding a low PDR for those nodes. Increasing the CCA setting and relocating the sink allowed the network to achieve a reliability of 99.2% for the last eight months of the deployment, therefore complying with the project requirements. This highlights the necessity of using proper tools and dependable protocols, and defining design methodologies for managing and deploying WSNs in real-world environments.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"292 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120907256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MCGC: A Network Coding Approach for Reliable Large-scale Wireless Networks","authors":"Isabel Madeleine Runge, Reiner Kolla","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3149821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3149821","url":null,"abstract":"The application of mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a big amount of participants poses many challenges. For instance, high transmission loss rates which are caused i.a. by collisions might occur. Additionally, WSNs frequently operate under harsh conditions, where a high probability of link or node failures is inherently given. This leads to reliable data maintenance being a key issue. Existing approaches which were developed to keep data dependably in WSNs often either perform well in highly dynamic or in completely static scenarios, or require complex calculations. Herein, we present the Network Coding based Multicast Growth Codes (MCGC), which represent a solution for reliable data maintenance in large-scale WSNs. MCGC are able to tolerate high fault rates and reconstruct more originally collected data in a shorter period of time than compared existing approaches. Simulation results show performance improvements of up to 75% in comparison to Growth Codes (GC). These results are achieved independently of the systems' dynamics and despite of high fault probabilities.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130640670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bezunartea, Benjamin Sartori, J. Tiberghien, K. Steenhaut
{"title":"Tackling malfunctions caused by Radio Duty Cycling protocols that do not appear in simulation studies","authors":"M. Bezunartea, Benjamin Sartori, J. Tiberghien, K. Steenhaut","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3143340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3143340","url":null,"abstract":"When a commercial Wireless Sensor Network designed for environmental control and security in buildings was tested before being launched, disappointing differences between the behaviour in simulations and in the real world were observed. Fortunately, these differences disappeared when the energy saving radio duty cycling protocols were deactivated. The company then decided to provide their customers with larger batteries. They also suggested the authors of this paper to start an in depth experimental analysis of radio duty cycling as implemented in the Contiki operating system for Zolertia Z1 motes. Many subtle issues that remained hidden in simulations appeared to have infrequent but disruptive consequences in the real world. These issues have been identified, understood and corrected. They were a source of inspiration for recommendations tending to improve the overall reliability of Contiki.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125435634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","authors":"R. Eskicioglu","doi":"10.1145/3143337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130719327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Little, Dian Zhang, Camille Ballas, N. O’Connor, D. Prendergast, K. Nolan, B. Quinn, Niall Moran, Mike Myers, Clare Dillon, Tomás Meehan
{"title":"Understanding packet loss for sound monitoring in a smart stadium IoT testbed","authors":"S. Little, Dian Zhang, Camille Ballas, N. O’Connor, D. Prendergast, K. Nolan, B. Quinn, Niall Moran, Mike Myers, Clare Dillon, Tomás Meehan","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3143341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3143341","url":null,"abstract":"The Smart Stadium for Smarter Living project provides an end-to-end testbed for IoT innovation through a collaboration between Croke Park Stadium in Dublin, Ireland and Dublin City University, Intel and Microsoft. This enables practical evaluations of IoT solutions in a controlled environment that is small enough to conduct trials but large enough to prove and challenge the technologies. An evaluation of sound monitoring capabilities during the 2016 sporting finals was used to test the capture, transfer, storage and analysis of decibel level sound monitoring. The purpose of the evaluation was to use existing sound level microphones to measure crowd response to pre-determined events for display on big screens at half-time and to test the end-to-end performance of the testbed. While this is not the specific original purpose of the sound level microphones, it provided a useful test case and produced engaging content for the project. Analysis of the data streams showed significant packet loss during the events and further investigations were conducted to understand where and how this loss occurred. This paper describes the smart stadium testbed configuration using Intel gateways linking with the Azure cloud platform and analyses the performance of the system during the sound monitoring evaluation.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126636270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Hartung, U. Kulau, Björn Gernert, S. Rottmann, L. Wolf
{"title":"On the Experiences with Testbeds and Applications in Precision Farming","authors":"R. Hartung, U. Kulau, Björn Gernert, S. Rottmann, L. Wolf","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3143338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3143338","url":null,"abstract":"While success stories are likely to be reported, failures are rarely published -- even if a lot can be learned from them. In this paper we present experiences and findings from our testbed and WSN deployments. Our PotatoNet has been deployed on an agricultural area in 2015 to perform several WSN outdoor experiments while measuring the stress of potato crops. It was extended a year later by the PotatoMesh, a solar panel-based mesh network of nodes. Throughout both of these deployments we experienced problems and failures at different stages of the projects. We derive key problems and some important concepts when it comes to outdoor WSN deployments.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115409491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate Sensor Traffic Estimation for Station Grouping in Highly Dense IEEE 802.11ah Networks","authors":"L. Tian, S. Santi, Steven Latré, J. Famaey","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3149819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3149819","url":null,"abstract":"The restricted access window (RAW) feature of IEEE 802.11ah aims to significantly reduce channel contention in ultra-dense and large-scale sensor networks. It divides stations into groups and slots, allowing channel access only to one RAW slot at a time. Several algorithms have been proposed to optimize the RAW parameters (e.g., number of groups and slots, group duration, and station assignment), as the optimal parameter values significantly affect performance and depend on network and traffic conditions. These algorithms often rely on accurate estimation of future sensor station traffic. In this paper, we present a more accurate traffic estimation technique for IEEE 802.11ah sensor stations, by exploiting the \"more data\" header field and cross slot boundary features. The resulting estimation method is integrated into an enhanced version of the Traffic-Adaptive RAW Optimization Algorithm, referred to as E-TAROA. Simulation results show that our proposed estimation method is significantly more accurate in very dense networks with thousands of sensor stations. This in turn results in a significantly more optimal RAW configuration. Specifically, E-TAROA converges significantly faster and achieves up to 23% higher throughput and 77% lower latency than the original TAROA algorithm under high traffic loads.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"73 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121811830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relative Localisation Algorithm for Neighbour Classification in Ad Hoc Networks of Moving Robots","authors":"M. Cvjetkovic, V. Rakocevic","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3149820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3149820","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a solution for mitigating mobility induced challenges in wireless ad hoc networks of moving robots operating in challenging environments. We consider a case of a network of moving robots instructed to share large data volumes in an environment characterized with lack of network infrastructure and uncertainty of signal measurements. The solution presented in this paper is based on estimating nodes' location and their direction of movement, using only occasional exchange of short messages. The first part of the solution presented in this paper is a new Relative Neighbour Localisation (RNL) algorithm. This algorithm uses random forest regression to estimate location and angle of movement based on signal strength measurements and exchange of angle and velocity information between nodes. The location information is then used in the new Neighbouring Source Selection (NSS) algorithm, which identifies the optimal neighbour data source using node's potentials as data sources, based on the nodes' locations and directions of movement. This enables the nodes to determine optimal data sources among the neighbouring nodes, thus helping to address frequent topology changes and uncertainty of communication channels, typical for network communication in extreme and challenging environments. The performance of presented solutions is evaluated using simulation and experimental testbed using six moving robot nodes equipped with WiFi-based networking interfaces. The results presented in this paper show the benefit of location estimation in improving data transfer efficiency, compared to the traditional use of only the strength of the received signals.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127991752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greg Jackson, Sarah Gallacher, Duncan Wilson, J. Mccann
{"title":"Tales from the Wild: Lessons Learned from Creating a Living Lab","authors":"Greg Jackson, Sarah Gallacher, Duncan Wilson, J. Mccann","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3143342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3143342","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks in the past decade have become prevalent in areas such as environmental monitoring, hazard detection, and industrial IoT applications. Current research focuses on improving the energy efficiency, throughput, robustness, and resilience of such networks. Within this work, failures are rarely held up as something to be explored and discussed, as improvements and novelty are the traditionally highlighted outcomes. However, in order to undertake effective research, highlighting failures can help mitigate against them occurring in the future. In this paper, we wish to highlight failures in our work, times when engineering and social challenges were barriers to the completion of world class research. Three stakeholder driven case studies from the London Living Lab are chosen namely air quality, microclimate and urban bat monitoring. From these deployments, challenges are highlighted and the subsequent methods developed to overcome said challenges are explored with the view that future work may benefit from the outcomes of these experiences.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"573 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121156216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issues of using wireless sensor network to monitor urban air quality","authors":"Xinwei Fang, I. Bate","doi":"10.1145/3143337.3143339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3143337.3143339","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent monitoring of urban environment has now been regulated in most EU countries. Due to the design and cost of high-quality sensors, the current approach using these sensors may not provide data with an appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. As a result, using a wireless sensor network constructed by a large number of low-cost sensors is becoming increasingly popular to support the monitoring of urban environments. However, in practice, there are many issues that prevent such networks to be widely adopted. In this paper, we use data and lessons learnt from three real deployments to illustrate those issues. The issues are classified into three main categories and discussed according to the different sensing stages. In the end, we summarise a list of open challenges which we believe are significant for the future research.","PeriodicalId":394505,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on the Engineering of Reliable, Robust, and Secure Embedded Wireless Sensing Systems","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}