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The Tax Reform Act of 1969 and the Undermining of the Voter Education Project 1969年的税收改革法案和选民教育计划的破坏
Poll Power Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0006
Evan Faulkenbury
{"title":"The Tax Reform Act of 1969 and the Undermining of the Voter Education Project","authors":"Evan Faulkenbury","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter cuts through all the dry, complex legal language of the 1969 tax reform bill to demonstrate how conservatives leveraged this law to undercut the VEP. Conservatives realized the VEP strengthened black voters, and they input language into the bill that would make the VEP’s fundraising and programming much more difficult. Ultimately, the Tax Reform Act of 1969 decimated the VEP, but the VEP continued during the 1970s under the leadership of John Lewis. After Lewis left in 1976, the VEP withered until it closed for good in 1992.","PeriodicalId":393621,"journal":{"name":"Poll Power","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129130918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Southern Disfranchisement and the Long Origins of the Voter Education Project 南方剥夺公民权和选民教育计划的长期起源
Poll Power Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0002
Evan Faulkenbury
{"title":"Southern Disfranchisement and the Long Origins of the Voter Education Project","authors":"Evan Faulkenbury","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter gives the century-long context to the VEP, going back to Reconstruction and the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. To fight back against white supremacy and disfranchisement, African Americans pursued voting rights and political power, though with limited success before the VEP. This chapter argues that three main events led to the VEP. First, the Southern Regional Council trailblazed a research path; second, the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom signalled to the nation that black voting rights were patriotic and Christian; and third, the Crusade for Citizenship failed, but proved that a southwide social movement for the ballot was possible.","PeriodicalId":393621,"journal":{"name":"Poll Power","volume":"23 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124542803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Second Voter Education Project, 1965–1969 第二次选民教育计划，1965-1969
Poll Power Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0005
Evan Faulkenbury
{"title":"The Second Voter Education Project, 1965–1969","authors":"Evan Faulkenbury","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter chronicles the VEP’s impact on black southerners and politics after the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Under the leadership of Vernon Jordan, the VEP went beyond voter registration and started programs to educate African Americans about the political process. The VEP also started hosting conferences designed to swell the number of black candidates running for various political offices across the South. During this period, not only did the VEP increase the number of black southern voters, it also grew black political power in a variety of ways at local and state levels across the American South.","PeriodicalId":393621,"journal":{"name":"Poll Power","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114944955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Setting Up the Voter Education Project, 1959–1962 建立选民教育计划，1959-1962
Poll Power Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0003
Evan Faulkenbury
{"title":"Setting Up the Voter Education Project, 1959–1962","authors":"Evan Faulkenbury","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains the origins of the VEP. Over four years, three very different sides came together to form the VEP: the Department of Justice, civil rights activists, and liberal philanthropists. After John F. Kennedy became President, the Department of Justice under his brother, Robert F. Kennedy, signalled a willingness to help African Americans vote. Civil rights activists worked with philanthropists like Stephen Currier to create a source of funds for widespread registration fieldwork. Working together, all parties sought tax-exemption for the project, and to do so, they kept the VEP idea discreet because they did not want to attract attention from segregationists in government.","PeriodicalId":393621,"journal":{"name":"Poll Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132008634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Voter Education Project, 1962–1964 选民教育计划，1962-1964
Poll Power Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0004
Evan Faulkenbury
{"title":"The Voter Education Project, 1962–1964","authors":"Evan Faulkenbury","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores how the VEP empowered 129 separate African American voter campaigns during this period, spending over a million dollars, and registering 688,000 black southerners. This chapter argues that this surge of black voting power paved the way for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Wiley Branton led the VEP during this period, and their support, with philanthropic backing, energized thousands of black civil rights activists across the American South. This chapter chronicles how VEP money and support empowered grassroots movements across the South, and how the civil rights movement relied on the VEP.","PeriodicalId":393621,"journal":{"name":"Poll Power","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130086373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epilogue 后记
Poll Power Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0007
Evan Faulkenbury
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Evan Faulkenbury","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This brief conclusion echoes the argument of the book, that the VEP served as the civil rights movement’s behind-the-scenes engine, and conservatives sabotaged the movement through the Tax Reform Act of 1969. Conservatives continue to fight black voting power, and the roots of these efforts go back to the VEP. Vernon Jordan concludes this book by suggesting the fight for political power will continue.","PeriodicalId":393621,"journal":{"name":"Poll Power","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114880412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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