Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.]最新文献

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Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.] Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.63

引用次数: 0

Assembly and Application of a Three‐Dimensional Human Corneal Tissue Model 三维人体角膜组织模型的组装与应用

Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.] Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.84

Tina B McKay, Andrew Ford, Siran Wang, Dana M. Cairns, Rachael N. Parker, Phillip M. Deardorff, C. Ghezzi, D. Kaplan

{"title":"Assembly and Application of a Three‐Dimensional Human Corneal Tissue Model","authors":"Tina B McKay, Andrew Ford, Siran Wang, Dana M. Cairns, Rachael N. Parker, Phillip M. Deardorff, C. Ghezzi, D. Kaplan","doi":"10.1002/cptx.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cptx.84","url":null,"abstract":"The cornea provides a functional barrier separating the outside environment from the intraocular environment, thereby protecting posterior segments of the eye from infection and damage. Pathological changes that compromise the structure or integrity of the cornea may occur as a result of injury or disease and can lead to debilitating effects on visual acuity. Over 10 million people worldwide are visually impaired or blind due to corneal opacity. Thus, physiologically relevant in vitro approaches to predict corneal toxicity of chemicals or effective treatments for disease prior to ocular exposure, as well as to study the corneal effects of systemic, chronic conditions, such as diabetes, are needed to reduce use of animal testing and accelerate therapeutic development. We have previously bioengineered an innervated corneal tissue model using silk protein scaffolds to recapitulate the structural and mechanical elements of the anterior cornea and to model the functional aspects of corneal sensation with the inclusion of epithelial, stromal, and neural components. The purpose of this unit is to provide a step‐by‐step guide for preparation, assembly, and application of this three‐dimensional corneal tissue system to enable the study of corneal tissue biology. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":38996,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.84","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47212151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Assessment of Sertoli Cell Proliferation by 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide and Sulforhodamine B Assays 用3‐(4,5‐二甲基噻唑‐2‐基)‐2,5‐二苯基溴化四唑和硫代丹明B试验评估支持细胞增殖

Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.] Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.85

A. Martins, P. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves

{"title":"Assessment of Sertoli Cell Proliferation by 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide and Sulforhodamine B Assays","authors":"A. Martins, P. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves","doi":"10.1002/cptx.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cptx.85","url":null,"abstract":"The correct functioning of Sertoli cells (SCs) is pivotal for successful spermatogenesis. They are major targets for hormones, endocrine disruptors, and other substances that men are subjected to every day. One of the main SC functions that quickly responds to a deleterious stimulus is proliferation. This is directly related to the in vivo capacity of these cells to sustain a good number of developing germ cells. The protocols in this article can be tested on SCs of different origin. For the case of human SCs from small human testicular biopsies, a short and simple protocol to isolate and culture these cells is provided. The other protocols discussed herein represent two different procedures, somewhat complementary, to assess SC proliferation. In brief, the sulforhodamine B assay allows the investigator to dye healthy fixed SCs maintained in culture. In the MTT assay, on the other hand, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) is reduced by live SCs. These methods are mostly used to evaluate how SC proliferative activity responds to exposure to compounds such as toxicants or hormones. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":38996,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.]","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46299359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Toxicokinetics 毒性动力学

Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.] Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0500s41

I. G. Sipes, E. Hodgson

{"title":"Toxicokinetics","authors":"I. G. Sipes, E. Hodgson","doi":"10.1002/0471140856.tx0500s41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471140856.tx0500s41","url":null,"abstract":"T oxicokinetics is a specialized area of toxicology that blends pharmacokinetic procedures with those of toxicology. It involves understanding the processes that govern the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals by the body. In general, these processes can be referred to as input (absorption), translocation (distribution), and output (metabolism, excretion). The rates of each process can be derived and used to describe in mathematical terms the time course for chemical and metabolite disposition in the body. Each process is governed by a number of physicochemical, biochemical, and physiological factors that profoundly affect how the body handles a particular chemical. For example, the state of hydration of the skin is an important physicochemical factor that influences chemical absorption by that route. Also, metabolic enzymes can have a profound effect on the input and output processes for a chemical. Thus, factors that increase the rate of biotransformation (enzymatic metabolism) of a chemical can profoundly affect input (increased formation of a toxic metabolite) or output (increased detoxification) processes that govern the temporal patterns of response to a particular chemical. These factors include induction and/or inhibition of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and inter-individual variations may result from the presence of polymorphisms in these enzymes. Reduction of adipose tissue mass reduces a storage compartment for lipophilic chemicals and thus can alter their rate of elimination from the body. Since toxicants are frequently present as complex mixtures, the way in which one toxicant can affect the toxicokinetics of another is important and will be considered in subsequent units.","PeriodicalId":38996,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.]","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/0471140856.tx0500s41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50789685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunotoxicology 免疫毒理学

Current protocols in toxicology / editorial board, Mahin D. Maines (editor-in-chief) ... [et al.] Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4307-0

引用次数: 0