{"title":"Effects of Detergents on Activity, Thermostability and Aggregation of Two Alkalithermophilic Lipases from Thermosyntropha lipolytica.","authors":"Moh'd A Salameh, Juergen Wiegel","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01004010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01004010022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermosyntropha lipolytica DSM 11003, an anaerobic thermophilic lipolytic bacterium, produces the two alkalithermophilic lipases, LipA and LipB. Among all tested detergents, the two lipases were mostly affected by SDS when used at concentrations below its critical micelle concentration (CMC). In the absence of SDS, the v(max) of both LipA and LipB were 12.6 U.mg(-1) and 13.3 U.mg(-1) and K(0.5) were 1.8 mM and 1.65 mM, respectively at 96 degrees C and pH(opt) (25 masculineC)of 9.4-9.6. In the presence of 0.2% SDS, the v(max) increased to 105 U.mg(-1) and 112 U.mg(-1), and K(0.5) values decreased to 200 microM and 140 microM for LipA and LipB, respectively. Inhibitory assays of lipases using diisopropyl p-nitrophenylphosphate (E600) with increasing concentration of SDS and Tween 20 strongly suggest that SDS and Tween 20 do bind to the lid domain and/or active site pocket, thus promoting conformational changes that facilitate active site accessibility for the substrate. The two lipases exhibited moderate activation in the presence of nonionic detergents when used below their CMC values. Both lipases were found to exhibit strong tendency to aggregate as observed through gel filtration chromatography and gradient native gel electrophoresis. The addition of 1.0% (w/v) SDS led to disaggregation as the lipases were eluted corresponding to their monomeric mass (based on SDS gel electrophoresis value) and caused a significant decrease in thermostability, suggesting that, enzyme aggregation might be a major contributor to the high thermostability of LipA and LipB.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/87/TOBIOCJ-4-22.PMC2847205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28895019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amod P Kulkarni, Philippa J Randall, Krishna Murthy, Lauriston A Kellaway, Girish J Kotwal
{"title":"Investigation of interaction of vaccinia virus complement control protein and curcumin with complement components c3 and c3b using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring technology.","authors":"Amod P Kulkarni, Philippa J Randall, Krishna Murthy, Lauriston A Kellaway, Girish J Kotwal","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01004010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01004010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>C3 and C3b, the components central to the complement activation, also play a damaging role in several inflammatory disorders. Vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP) and curcumin (Cur) are natural compounds with different biological origins reported to regulate complement activation. However, both VCP and Cur have not been investigated for their interaction with the third component (C3) prior to it being converted to its activated form (C3b). These two compounds have also not been compared to each other with respect to their interactions with C3 and C3b. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is a novel technology used to study the interaction of biomolecules. This technology was applied to characterize the interactions of VCP, Cur and appropriate controls with the key complement components. Cur as well as VCP showed binding to both C3 and to C3b, Cur however bound to C3b to a lesser extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/8b/TOBIOCJ-4-9.PMC2835864.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28772128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koji Tomaru, Atsuhisa Ueda, Takeyuki Suzuki, Nobuaki Kobayashi, Jun Yang, Masaki Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro Takeno, Takeshi Kaneko, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
{"title":"Armadillo Repeat Containing 8alpha Binds to HRS and Promotes HRS Interaction with Ubiquitinated Proteins.","authors":"Koji Tomaru, Atsuhisa Ueda, Takeyuki Suzuki, Nobuaki Kobayashi, Jun Yang, Masaki Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro Takeno, Takeshi Kaneko, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01004010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01004010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, we reported that a complex with an essential role in the degradation of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in yeast is well conserved in mammalian cells; we named this mammalian complex C-terminal to the Lissencephaly type-1-like homology (CTLH) complex. Although the function of the CTLH complex remains unclear, here we used yeast two-hybrid screening to isolate Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS) as a protein binding to a key component of CTLH complex, Armadillo repeat containing 8 (ARMc8) alpha. The association was confirmed by a yeast two-hybrid assay and a co-immunoprecipitation assay. The proline-rich domain of HRS was essential for the association. As demonstrated through immunofluorescence microscopy, ARMc8alpha co-localized with HRS. ARMc8alpha promoted the interaction of HRS with various ubiquitinated proteins through the ubiquitin-interacting motif. These findings suggest that HRS mediates protein endosomal trafficking partly through its interaction with ARMc8alpha.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4f/0c/TOBIOCJ-4-1.PMC2835868.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28772127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dusica Djordjevic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Dejan Cubrilo, Miroljub Zlatkovic, Vladimir Zivkovic, Dragan Djuric
{"title":"Coordination between nitric oxide and superoxide anion radical during progressive exercise in elite soccer players.","authors":"Dusica Djordjevic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Dejan Cubrilo, Miroljub Zlatkovic, Vladimir Zivkovic, Dragan Djuric","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01004010100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01004010100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) via several mechanisms. Inter alia, increased blood flow during exercise exposes endothelial cells to shear stress, resulting in increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Increased oxygen consumption or hypoxia during exercise induces increased production of superoxide anion radical (O(2) (-)).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the effects of maximal progressive treadmill exercise test on time-course of peripheral blood NO and O(2) (-) production, as well as the effect of long-term training on NO bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples of 19 elite soccer players were gathered immediately before the test, during last 10 sec of every test stage, and during active recovery phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increase (p<0.05) in NO production (estimated through nitrites (NO(2) (-))), found between stage I (5.69 ± 1.32 nmol/ml) and basal values (5.36 ± 1.25 nmol/ml), was followed by the decrease in stage II (4.21 ± 0.42 nmol/ml) and production lower than basal to the end of the test. Significant increase (p<0.05) in O(2) (-) values was found between stage I (4.18 ± 0.77 nmol/ml) and resting values (4.01 ± 0.69 nmol/ml), and at stages V (4.24 ± 0.85 nmol/ml) and 1st phase of recovery (4.39 ± 0.92 nmol/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The regression lines of NO(2) (-) and O(2) (-) crossed at the level of anaerobic threshold, suggesting that anaerobic threshold could be of a crucial importance not only in the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism but in mechanisms of signal transductions as well. Long-term exercise increases NO bioavailability, and there is positive correlation between NO bioavailability and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)).</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/38/TOBIOCJ-4-100.PMC3104555.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29907871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad H Khadem-Ansari, Yousef Rasmi, Fatemeh Ramezani
{"title":"Effects of red grape juice consumption on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B and homocysteine in healthy human volunteers.","authors":"Mohammad H Khadem-Ansari, Yousef Rasmi, Fatemeh Ramezani","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01004010096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01004010096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has suggested that grape juice consumption has lipid- lowering effect and it is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of red grape juice (RGj) consumption on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in healthy human volunteers. Twenty six healthy and nonsmoking males, aged between 25-60 years, who were under no medication asked to consume 150 ml of RGj twice per day for one month. Serum HDL-C, apoAI, apoB and plasma Hcy levels were measured before and after one month RGj consumption. HDL-C levels after RGj consumption were significantly higher than the corresponding levels before the RGj consumption (41.44 ± 4.50 and 44.37 ± 4.30 mg/dl; P<0.0001). Also, apoB was significantly increased after RGj consumption (149.0 ± 22.35 and 157.19 ± 18.60 mg/dl; P<0.002). But apoAI levels were not changed significantly before and after of RGj consumption (154.27 ± 21.55 and 155.35 ± 21.07 mg/dl; P>0.05). Hcy levels were decreased after RGj consumption (7.70 ± 2.80 and 6.20 ± 2.30 µmol/l; P<0.001). The present study demonstrates that RGj consumption can significantly increase serum HDL-C levels and decrease Hcy levels. These findings may have important implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis in healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/98/TOBIOCJ-4-96.PMC3104594.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29907874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecules Acting on CB1 Receptor and their Effects on Morphine Withdrawal In Vitro.","authors":"Anna Capasso, Chiara Gallo","doi":"10.2174/1874091X00903010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X00903010078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several pharmacological studies indicate that CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) are present in guinea pig ileum (GPI) and their activation reduce the acetylcholine (Ach) release. Dependence can be induced and measured in vitro by using GPI and the contraction due to opioid withdrawal is caused by acetylcholine release.Design of molecules acting on the CB1Rs are widely studied and the large availaibility of CB1Rs agonists and antagonists provides powerful tools to determine the role of these receptors in mediating some of physiological and pharmacological effects in the myenteric neurones.Given the relationship between CB1Rs/Opioid Withdrawal/Ach system, in the present paper we have designed six new CB1Rs agonists named A-F and evaluated their role in mediating morphine withdrawal in GPI. Also, a comparative study was performed by using the CB1Rs synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940. The results of our experiments indicate that both WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 (1x10(-8)-5x10(-8)-1x10(-7) M) were able to reduce morphine withdrawal in a concentration-dependent manner. Very similar results were obtained with the new CB1Rs agonists (A-F) used at same concentrations. The results of our experiments indicate that CB1Rs are involved in the control of morphine withdrawal in vitro thus confirming an important functional interaction between the cannabinoid and opioid system.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/af/TOBIOCJ-3-78.PMC2811858.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28678696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna V Glyakina, Nikolai K Balabaev, Oxana V Galzitskaya
{"title":"Multiple Unfolding Intermediates Obtained by Molecular Dynamic Simulations under Stretching for Immunoglobulin-Binding Domain of Protein G.","authors":"Anna V Glyakina, Nikolai K Balabaev, Oxana V Galzitskaya","doi":"10.2174/1874091X00903010066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X00903010066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have studied the mechanical properties of the immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein G at the atomic level under stretching at constant velocity using molecular dynamics simulations. We have found that the unfolding process can occur either in a single step or through intermediate states. Analysis of the trajectories from the molecular dynamic simulations showed that the mechanical unfolding of the immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein G is triggered by the separation of the terminal beta-strands and the order in which the secondary-structure elements break is practically the same in two- and multi-state events and at the different extension velocities studied. It is seen from our analysis of 24 trajectories that the theoretical pathway of mechanical unfolding for the immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein G does not coincide with that proposed in denaturant studies in the absence of force.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/b8/TOBIOCJ-3-66.PMC2793399.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28617110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A C Mendes-Ribeiro, G E Mann, L R de Meirelles, M B Moss, C Matsuura, T M C Brunini
{"title":"The role of exercise on L-arginine nitric oxide pathway in chronic heart failure.","authors":"A C Mendes-Ribeiro, G E Mann, L R de Meirelles, M B Moss, C Matsuura, T M C Brunini","doi":"10.2174/1874091X00903010055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X00903010055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a pathological state with high morbidity and mortality and the full understanding of its genesis remain to be elucidated. In this syndrome, a cascade of neurohormonal and hemodynamic mechanisms, as well as inflammatory mediators, are activated to improve the impaired cardiac function. Clinical and experimental observations have shown that CHF is associated with a generalized disturbance in endothelium-dependent vasodilation, which may contribute to the progression of ventricular and vascular remodelling in this syndrome. There is also accumulating evidence that disturbances in nitric oxide (NO) availability is involved in the development of heart failure at the systemic and cardiac levels. NO is a ubiquitous signalling molecule which causes potent vasodilation, inhibits platelet activation and regulates the contractile properties of cardiac myocytes. It is generated from the amino acid L-arginine via constitutive and inducible isoforms of the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). There is evidence that exercise, a nonpharmacological tool, improves symptoms, fitness (VO(2peak)), quality of life and NO bioavailability in CHF population. This review examines different aspects of the L-arginine-NO pathway and inflammation in the physiopathology of CHF and highlights the important beneficial effects of exercise in this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/b2/TOBIOCJ-3-55.PMC2775128.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28506434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of endothelial protein C receptor functionality on living cells'.","authors":"E Ducros, S Mirshahi, C Bermot, M Mirshahi","doi":"10.2174/1874091X00903010049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X00903010049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activated protein C (APC) is a major control system of blood coagulation. APC prevents coagulation pathway by degrading Va and VIIIa plasma's coagulation factors. Protein C activation requires its binding to specific endothelial cell receptor (EPCR). APC binding to EPCR also activates a wide range of defense mechanisms (anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis...). EPCR expression by cells can be detected by various methods, including immunoanalysis and molecular biology. However, no assays evaluate its functionality. A method, inspired of a standard fibrinoformation time assay, was developed to estimate EPCR ability to bind APC on living cell surface in vitro. Endothelial cells were incubated with APC and fibrinoformation on cells was followed by spectrophotometry (plasma absorbance increases with fibrin polymerization). Membrane-bound EPCR retain APC, thus prolonging fibrinoformation time in a dose-dependent manner. Control was realized with EPCR-negative cells. This new method can be used on any cell type to study the expression of other coagulation receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/4f/TOBIOCJ-3-49.PMC2703289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28358247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Stimulates NS5B During In Vitro RNA Synthesis in a Template Specific Manner.","authors":"Elizabeth M Quezada, Caroline M Kane","doi":"10.2174/1874091X00903010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X00903010039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B protein contains the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity that catalyzes the synthesis of the viral genome with other host and viral factors. NS5A is an HCV-encoded protein previously shown to localize to the replisome and be necessary for viral replication. However, its role in replication has not been defined. Using an in vitro biochemical assay, we detected a stimulatory effect of NS5A on the NS5B replication reaction with minimal natural templates. NS5A stimulates replication by NS5B on two templates derived from the 3' end of the RNA genome (4 fold +/- 1.3 fold). A pre-incubation step with the two proteins prior to the replication reaction and substoichiometric levels of NS5A are required for detecting stimulation. With a template derived from the 3'end complementary to the RNA genome (the negative strand) no stimulation was observed. Furthermore, with a synthetic template that allows studying different phases of replication, NS5A stimulates NS5B during elongation. These findings suggest that NS5A stimulates NS5B during synthesis of the complementary (i.e., negative) strand of the RNA genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":38958,"journal":{"name":"Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/f3/TOBIOCJ-3-39.PMC2701273.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28371286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}