Livestock Health and Farming最新文献

Water Use and Dairy Production System: An Indian Experience 用水和乳制品生产系统:印度的经验

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2020-03-19 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91193

G. Devi, A. Mech, S. Veerasamy, R. Gorti, M. Kataktalware

{"title":"Water Use and Dairy Production System: An Indian Experience","authors":"G. Devi, A. Mech, S. Veerasamy, R. Gorti, M. Kataktalware","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91193","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing water scarcity and simultaneously growing demands for food and feed challenge agricultural production. Globally livestock feed sourcing is one of the major causes for water depletion; therefore, increasing livestock water use efficiency (LWUE) is necessary. There is a need to synthesise LWUE knowledge gener-ated across different forage based livestock production systems (FLPS) over time and systematically identify entry points to enhance productive uses of freshwater resources. Although these systems vary by their degree of intensification, scale of water-related problems, and therefore in their values of LWUE, a number of common entry points to increase LWUE can be identified. To understand the pattern of livestock water use and social dynamics involved in water use and milk production, around 240 small and medium dairy farms in Karnataka, India, were used for the present study. Direct and indirect consumptive uses of water by animals considered were water used for drinking, water inputs through green and dry fodder, consumptive water usage for on-farm servicing and crop irrigation and water inputs through all upstream inputs such as medicines, vaccines and others. Water use efficiency (WUE) for production of milk alone is operationally defined in this study.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114497440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Livestock Feeds and Feeding in Semi-Arid Areas of Southern Africa 非洲南部半干旱地区的牲畜饲料和饲养

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2020-02-11 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90109

C. Mudzengi, Everson Dahwa, Clayton Simbarashe Kapembeza

{"title":"Livestock Feeds and Feeding in Semi-Arid Areas of Southern Africa","authors":"C. Mudzengi, Everson Dahwa, Clayton Simbarashe Kapembeza","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90109","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock production is the major source of rural livelihoods in semi-arid regions of Southern Africa. However, nutrition is the major limiting factor of livestock production in these areas characterised by declines in rangeland productivity due to the increases in drought frequency, deliberate overstocking by farmers, and climate change and variability. For instance, the grazing resource is strongly influenced by seasonality of rainfall. Poor-quality cereal crop residues are the main dry season supplementary feed source, yet the predominant crops such as sorghum and maize are deficient in protein and other essential nutrients. Additionally, although conventional supplements, fodder crops and agro by-products are an alternative dry season supplementary feed source; they are costly and not readily available. They are also mostly based on staple food crops such as maize, creating competition in use between humans and livestock. Therefore, indigenous browse species remain a significant source of abundant and persistent animal feeds. Other innovations with the potential to improve feed availability include straw ammoniation and silages, veld reinforcement and rehabilitation, and strategic destocking. However, they are not readily adopted by farmers. There is thus a need to promote technologies that improve livestock feeds and feeding for sustainable livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121948393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Farm Animals’ Health Behaviours: An Essential Communicative Signal for Farmers’ Veterinary Care and Sustainable Production 农场动物的健康行为:农民兽医护理和可持续生产的重要沟通信号

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2020-01-09 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89738

O. Lawal-Adebowale

{"title":"Farm Animals’ Health Behaviours: An Essential Communicative Signal for Farmers’ Veterinary Care and Sustainable Production","authors":"O. Lawal-Adebowale","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89738","url":null,"abstract":"Farm animals constitute valuable source of quality nutrition and economic development across the world, and sustainable farm animal production is greatly being challenged by pests and disease infestation with the resultant poor productivity, death of animals and economic losses to the farmers and nations at large. But before infections reached the threshold of debilitative effects, an infected animal communicates a physiological disturbance by vocalisation and/or visual cues. While a healthy animal communicates its good health status by active display and movement of the body parts in response to its environment, a sick animal manifests its health situation by looking dull, by being self-isolated from the stock, by being sluggish or by refusing to move on when approached or to be fed. Although the communicated cues by a farm animal are determined by the kind of physiological impairment experienced by the animal, farmers’ understanding of the specific communication cues by the farm animals would make quick detection of any laden disease in the animals possible and stimulate prompt health care service provision. Consequently, several ways by which farm animals communicate their health situation and the veterinarian actions to be taken in the light of a disease outbreak are highlighted in this article.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115909797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Nutrients Cycle within Swine Production: Generation, Characteristics, Treatment and Revaluation 养猪生产中的养分循环:产生、特性、处理和重估

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89733

C. Villamar, C. Sarda

{"title":"Nutrients Cycle within Swine Production: Generation, Characteristics, Treatment and Revaluation","authors":"C. Villamar, C. Sarda","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89733","url":null,"abstract":"The swine production generates slurries nutrients rich, which could be revaluated in cereal crops used for its food and energy generation (biogas) for use on the farm. However, the revaluation requires to know their physical–chemical and biological characteristics, which allow giving an adequate transformation (treatment). On the one hand, swine production and consumption market reveal the superiority of emergent countries on meat/cereal (feed) production and swine meat consumption (concentrated population). The food composition and growth phase will influence the swine slurries composition, which is rich in organic matter, macronutrients (N, P) and micronutrients (Cu and Zn). These characteristics will generate odors (organic matter, macronutrients) and ecotoxicology effects (macro/ micronutrients) if they are not treated. Moreover, the swine slurries treatment allows revaluated them in agriculture and obtaining energy. Anaerobic technologies (anaerobic lagoon, mixed complete reactors, UASB, among others) are the most used/cost-effective to organic matter removal from swine slurries, obtaining from 0.28 to 0.83 m biogas/kg organic matter. Meanwhile, passive technologies (constructed wetlands) are the most used technologies to nutrients and metals removal. Treated swine slurries from constructed wetlands have agronomic properties. Therefore, the nutrients cycle within swine production would favor concepts of revaluation in origin.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125118288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Antimicrobial Resistance and Rational Use of Antimicrobials in Livestock: Developing Countries’ Perspective 畜牧业抗菌素耐药性和合理使用抗菌素:发展中国家的观点

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88458

H. Meena, Vikash Kumar

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Rational Use of Antimicrobials in Livestock: Developing Countries’ Perspective","authors":"H. Meena, Vikash Kumar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88458","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the top consumers of antibiotics in agriculture worldwide, which accounts for 3% of global consumption, which is estimated to double in 2030. The use of antibiotics, particularly in chickens, is expected to triple in India by 2030. The overuse, injudicious use, and misuse of these antimicrobial drugs have spawned the evolution of life-threatening bacteria that is making the current antimicrobials’ reserve useless. Suitable extension outreach and continuing programmes should be devised to promote the judicious use of antimicrobials. Innovative approaches, such as One Health, Antimicrobial Stewardship, and antimicrobial conservation are the need of present alarming situation. There is need to reduce the antimicrobial use in animals, particularly domesticated animals; provision of infection surveillance in hospitals; improving hospital surveillance for monitoring antibiotic resistance; promoting rational and judicious use of drug through education, monitoring, and supervision; researching new drugs; and developing and implementing a more restrictive and participatory antibiotic policy by including various stakeholders. Thus, tracking the rate of veterinary antimicrobial use, resistance, and residues, through a nationwide surveillance and monitoring system, and educating farmers, veterinarians, and consumers could pave the way to fight against this catastrophic situation of antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121266705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Nutrition and Health-Management in Dairy Production 乳制品生产中的营养与健康管理

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89447

A. Sundrum

{"title":"Nutrition and Health-Management in Dairy Production","authors":"A. Sundrum","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89447","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘barrel model’ of an organism’s resource allocation pattern represents the basics for feeding regimes in farm practice. Several objections can be raised against the underlying theoretical assumptions, the generalizations derived from them, and the application of the model in practice. The concept particularly neglects the role of glucose and the increased competition for it between lactocytes and immune cells. It also fails to recognize the large variation between and within dairy herds. Lack of success in reducing production diseases calls for a modified approach – one which not only deals appropriately with the large variation between and within the dairy herds but also strives to balance the existing productivity/animal health/financial trade-offs. Instead of following general procedures, nutrient supply and outflow via milk have to be adapted to the individual requirements and health risks. To do so, the percentage of dairy cows affected by production diseases and failing to cope is a key criterion. Benchmarking of production diseases could act as an orientation point for farmers to compare their own position to other farms and thus set realistic target figures. Furthermore, means and measures to achieve goals have to be validated in the context in which they are used.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122010607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Climate Change Mitigation in Livestock Production: Nonconventional Feedstuffs and Alternative Additives 减缓畜牧业生产中的气候变化:非常规饲料和替代添加剂

Livestock Health and Farming Pub Date : 2019-10-04 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89433

Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo, Herrera-Torres Esperanza, Murillo-Ortiz Manuel, Reyes-Jáquez Damián

{"title":"Climate Change Mitigation in Livestock Production: Nonconventional Feedstuffs and Alternative Additives","authors":"Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo, Herrera-Torres Esperanza, Murillo-Ortiz Manuel, Reyes-Jáquez Damián","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89433","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock production has widely contributed to increase global production of greenhouse gases (GHG), mostly through digestive fermentation in ruminants. Moreover, emissions derived from livestock are estimated over 14% of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions to atmosphere. In addition, methane emitted from ruminal enteric fermentation is responsible for 25% of the total global methane emissions, which turns livestock activity into a main promoter of the climate change effect. However, these emissions may be diminished by modifying livestock diets through alterations in forage-concentrate ratios, the supplementation of feed additives, and the inclusion of alternative feedstuffs not commonly used as forage and protein sources in farm animal feeding. Additionally, the use of nonconventional feedstuffs is highly recommended since their production does not compete with human feeding and may provide metabolites used as methanogenesis suppressors. Likewise, agricultural by-products should be considered as potential feedstuffs for animal production by increasing the livestock efficiency and reducing the energy losses due to methane synthesis.","PeriodicalId":388002,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Health and Farming","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130341946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5