ANALES RANM最新文献

{"title":"Scope and challenges of mind-brain relationships in the context of the dialogue between neuroscience and philosophy","authors":"J.M. Giménez Amaya, J.A. Lombo","doi":"10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev07","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called «mind-brain relationships» are shown to be a privileged place for understanding the human being in a unitary way in its biological and psychic aspects. This reveals the need for an interdisciplinary approach to understand the human being in an integral way. This approach can be carried out, at least, in two directions, taking as a model the dialogue between neuroscience and philosophy. The first one goes from neuroscience to philosophy and covers, above all, the subject of knowledge, mainly in the so-called inner senses. The second extends from philosophy to neuroscience by exploring topics such as attention, memory and habits. From this vision, an understanding of mind-brain relationships arises in which the interdisciplinary approach is extremely important. From it, we propose a possible application of these relationships to the ethical sphere, inspired by the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre in his analysis of human vulnerability in a context of social co-dependence.","PeriodicalId":381949,"journal":{"name":"ANALES RANM","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of irreversible brain damage in newborns, a human right","authors":"F. Mayor Zaragoza","doi":"10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev09","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1960s, my scientific activity has focused on the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases, rare pathologies which, in some cases, cause irreversible brain damage. “Irreversible” is the word that should trigger all preventive efforts and ensure widespread screening. Its prevention implies early diagnosis and treatment. The fundamental objective was to detect avoidable hereditary diseases in newborns, which generally lead to irreversible mental retardation. In a short time, accompanied by the “luck of the bold”, we detected a first case of phenylketonuria and the pilot plan was set up, which led to its successive implementation throughout Spain and participation in specialised international meetings was initiated, as well as biochemical and genetic research, to contribute to scientific knowledge of such an important aspect of preventive medicine.\u0000As with any social, environmental or clinical phenomenon, it is necessary to apply treatment in time before the alteration that is to be avoided occurs, particularly when irreversible situations are involved. On several occasions I have referred to the need to act in a timely manner in order to stop the process at stages prior to the point of no return (ethics of time).\u0000Every day I feel more and more strongly, and I try to express it in this way, that the search for, dissemination and application of knowledge is the most beautiful task offered to man’s terrible perplexity, astonishment, doubt and fear. I remember that a few months after finishing my degree in Pharmacy, when I was starting to work in Prof. Santos Ruiz’s laboratory, I visited an institution for the mentally handicapped. There, on that day, many things in my life took root. Other things were erased by the force of that memory. And the feeling that it is necessary to contribute to alleviating and making the life of man, the only being aware of the great gift of life, more bearable, became more intense and urgent.\u0000In 2023, on the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, I proposed to the United Nations, through its High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr. Volker Turk, the recognition as a human right of the prevention of diseases that cause irreversible neurological damage and requested their help in the processing of this new human right. We then asked all governments, institutions and scientific societies to support the proposal to declare as a human right the prevention through neonatal screening of pathologies in which irreversible damage can be avoided through early treatment.\u0000It is now necessary to promote a conscious citizenship that is not a spectator of what is happening, but an actor for the progressive and urgent elimination of risks that affect humanity without further remedy. At last, human beings are gradually recognising that they are equal in dignity and can express themselves freely. Now we can. Now we must. The creative capacity that distinguishes the human species encourages us and gives us","PeriodicalId":381949,"journal":{"name":"ANALES RANM","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethical approach to the definition of a person through the diagnosis of whole brain death. Relevance in the field of organ transplatation","authors":"J.M. Domínguez Roldán","doi":"10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev08","url":null,"abstract":"The acceptance of the diagnosis of death based on neurological criteria (brain death) was not quickly or unanimously accepted by the scientific community, nor by the philosophical world. The persistence of biological activity in the corporeality of human beings in brain death has served to refute this concept in the medical, anthropological and philosophical fields.\u0000In this study, characteristics of the different hierarchical levels of living organisms are established, focusing mainly on the uniqueness of complex biological structures (organic biotope), human corporality, and the person.\u0000A series of characteristics of each of these levels are described and it is evident how in the remaining corporality after brain death all the characteristics of the person have disappeared (rationality, self-awareness, moral conduct, freedom, manifestation, project). , identity of person, immanence of person, transcendence of person culmination, etc.) and exclusive of it. In a situation of whole brain death, only those characteristics that are inherent to it but comparable to what we could find in other developed living beings remain in the body, with those characteristics exclusive to the person having disappeared.\u0000It can be concluded that the irreversible cessation of all intrinsically neurological functions of the entire brain (whole brain death) is the death of the person due to the disappearance of all those essential and exclusive characteristics of the person, leaving only the activity of the organic biotope and human corporality.","PeriodicalId":381949,"journal":{"name":"ANALES RANM","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headaches and craniofacial neuralgias described by Spanish authors","authors":"M.L. Cuadrado Pérez","doi":"10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.rev06","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish physicians have made important contributions to the nosology of headaches by describing various syndromes. In 1954, Eduardo Tolosa Colomer published the first case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a clinical picture characterized by orbital pain and paralysis of extraocular muscles due to the presence of granulomatous inflammation in the cavernous sinus. In 1980, José Félix Martí Massó described pseudomigraine with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, which manifests with episodes of migraine-type headache, transient neurological deficits, and elevated lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, usually with a benign prognosis. Since 2002, Juan Pareja and his group have identified several entities including: nummular headache, characterized by pain localized in a small coin-shaped area of the skull; primary trochlear headache, originating in the trochlea, in the superointernal angle of the orbit; epicrania fugax, which manifests with episodes of paroxysmal pain radiating along the surface of the head, following a linear or zigzag trajectory, and idiopathic ophthalmodynia and rhinalgia, which present with pain in the eyeball or nose with no apparent cause. Juan Pareja has also described several trigeminal terminal branch neuralgias, which are characterized by pain limited to the corresponding cutaneous territory and which typically respond to anesthetic blockade of the nerve. Finally, paroxysmal pressing headache, described by the same author, is manifested by brief episodes of unilateral pressing pain without accompanying symptoms. All these descriptions have been documented in scientific publications, and most of them have had a significant impact on clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":381949,"journal":{"name":"ANALES RANM","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granulomatous mastitis","authors":"A. Oprisan, J.M. Juan Gimeno, R. Rubio Micó","doi":"10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.cc02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2024.141.01.cc02","url":null,"abstract":"Granulomatous mastitis is a chronic, benign and inflammatory disease of the breasts from idiopatic etiology. It usually appears in women until 5 years after giving birth.\u0000The main hypothesis explains an autoimmune phenomenon as a result of expelled antigens from the breast-feeding period.Its clinical expression varies a lot, ranging from mastitis, fistulas or nodules. Usually it is seen as a hard nodule in any of the breast quadrants.Due to the fact that granulomatous mastitis clinically resembles inflammatory breast cancer, the diagnosis becomes challenging, needing different radiological tests as well as histiopatological samples for the final diagnosis.\u0000The treatment is not well established, and the two main options are complete escision of the breast or corticoesteroids with methotrexate. Even with this treatment, in half of cases the disease chronifies.","PeriodicalId":381949,"journal":{"name":"ANALES RANM","volume":"1973 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic Cancer, Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence: A Review","authors":"L. Martí-Bonmatí","doi":"10.32440/ar.2022.139.01.rev03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2022.139.01.rev03","url":null,"abstract":"Computed tomography (CT) scans stratified patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) into categories based on whether the tumor is expected to be resectable, borderline resectable, initially unresectable, or metastatic. When reporting these exams, radiologists use structured templates to ensure that the generated information is complete, although the difficulty in identifying initial microscopic infiltrations of adjacent structures and small metastases is well recognized. Radiomics is seen as a potentially useful tool for determining tumor aggressiveness and building predictive clinical models. If extracted radiomic signatures are validated as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, they could be used aiding in decision-making to facilitate personalized patient management with ACDP. Models with convolutional neural networks provide estimations associated with a biological aggressiveness profile by combining clinical, semantic, and radiomic features. Despite encouraging results, the main limitations for clinical use of quantitative imaging are due to the instability of the measurements and the diversity of obtained images (different equipment and protocols), both making difficult to generalize the obtained results. The availability of large multicenter repositories with standardized and annotated images, and associated data (clinical, molecular, genetic), together with radiomics and artificial intelligence tools, will allow to predict the behavior of these tumors at the diagnosis. Its validation in totally independent cohorts and causal inference models is needed.","PeriodicalId":381949,"journal":{"name":"ANALES RANM","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115662717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}