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Derivation of Theory by Means of Factor Analysis or Tom Swift and His Electric Factor Analysis Machine 用因子分析方法推导理论或汤姆·斯威夫特和他的电子因子分析机
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 2015-09-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1941469
J. Armstrong
{"title":"Derivation of Theory by Means of Factor Analysis or Tom Swift and His Electric Factor Analysis Machine","authors":"J. Armstrong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1941469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1941469","url":null,"abstract":"Problems in the use of factor analysis for deriving theory are illustrated by means of an example in which the underlying factors are known. The actual underlying model is simple and it provides a perfect explanation of the data. While the factor analysis 'explains' a large proportion of the total variance, it fails to identify the known factors in the model, The illustration is used to emphasize that factor analysis, by itself, may be misleading as far as the development of theory is concerned. The use of a comprehensive, and explicit a priori analysis is proposed so that there will be independent criteria for the evaluation of the factor analytic results.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123626913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 151
Book Review: Intentional Changes: A Fresh Approach to Helping People Change, by Allen Tough, Chicago: Follette Publishing Co., 1982 书评:《有意识的改变:帮助人们改变的新方法》，艾伦·塔夫著，芝加哥:福莱特出版公司，1982年
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 2005-02-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1941468
J. Armstrong
{"title":"Book Review: Intentional Changes: A Fresh Approach to Helping People Change, by Allen Tough, Chicago: Follette Publishing Co., 1982","authors":"J. Armstrong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1941468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1941468","url":null,"abstract":"Intentional Changes is an important book. It suggests different approaches to the way in which we try to implement change. It provides, as do most important books, much that you will disagree with. Tough’s conclusions are based on studies that are likely to be unknown to you. The book is interesting, well written, and short.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121206561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards Institutional Infrastructures for e-Science: The Scope of the Challenge 面向电子科学的制度基础设施:挑战的范围
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1325240
P. David, M. J. Spence
{"title":"Towards Institutional Infrastructures for e-Science: The Scope of the Challenge","authors":"P. David, M. J. Spence","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1325240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1325240","url":null,"abstract":"The three-fold purpose of this Report to the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Research Councils (UK) is to: • articulate the nature and significance of the non-technological issues that will bear on the practical effectiveness of the hardware and software infrastructures that are being created to enable collaborations in e- Science; • characterise succinctly the fundamental sources of the organisational and institutional challenges that need to be addressed in regard to defining terms, rights and responsibilities of the collaborating parties, and to illustrate these by reference to the limited experience gained to date in regard to intellectual property, liability, privacy, and security and competition policy issues affecting scientific research organisations; and • propose approaches for arriving at institutional mechanisms whose establishment would generate workable, specific arrangements facilitating collaboration in e-Science; and, that also might serve to meet similar needs in other spheres such as e- Learning, e-Government, e-Commerce, e-Healthcare. In carrying out these tasks, the report examines developments in enhanced computer-mediated telecommunication networks and digital information technologies, and recent advances in technologies of collaboration. It considers the economic and legal aspects of scientific collaboration, with attention to interactions between formal contracting and 'private ordering' arrangements that rest upon research community norms. It offers definitions of e-Science, virtual laboratories, collaboratories, and develops a taxonomy of collaborative e-Science activities which is implemented to classify British e-Science pilot projects and contrast these with US collaboratory projects funded during the 1990s. The approach to facilitating inter-organizational participation in collaborative projects rests upon the development of a modular structure of contractual clauses that permit flexibility and experience-based learning.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128666751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
The Impact of joining WTO on China's Economic, Legal and Political Institutions 加入WTO对中国经济、法律和政治制度的影响
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 2003-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-0106.2003.00213.X
G. Chow
{"title":"The Impact of joining WTO on China's Economic, Legal and Political Institutions","authors":"G. Chow","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-0106.2003.00213.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-0106.2003.00213.X","url":null,"abstract":"This essay applies a historical-institution approach to assess the impact of WTO membership on China’s economic, legal and political institutions. In each case historical and institutional trends are described, and the effects of WTO membership on these trends are examined. The topics include changes in economic structure and the rate of growth of GDP, formal legal institutions and legal behavior of the Chinese people, and the forces toward the development of democratic political institutions.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125787793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
The Conditions for a Sustainable U.S. Recovery: The Role of Investment 美国可持续复苏的条件:投资的作用
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.4324/9780203071939-16
P. Arestis, E. Karakitsos
{"title":"The Conditions for a Sustainable U.S. Recovery: The Role of Investment","authors":"P. Arestis, E. Karakitsos","doi":"10.4324/9780203071939-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203071939-16","url":null,"abstract":"The anemic U.S. economic recovery and the threat of a double-dip recession stem from the weakness of investment, due to excess capacity created in the euphoric years of the \"new economy\" bubble. The current imbalances in the corporate sector (i.e., the all-time-high indebtedness in the face of falling asset prices) are preventing investment from picking up and are laying the foundation for a new, long-lasting expansion. Tax reductions may create a cyclical upturn in the short run and may promote the anemic recovery, but such stimulus to demand is unsustainable in the long run. The root of the problem is the imbalance in the corporate sector, which will take time for correction.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115637904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A Cognitive Approach to Individual Learning: Some Experimental Results 个体学习的认知方法:一些实验结果
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 2003-01-11 DOI: 10.4337/9781847201539.00019
M. Novarese, Salvatore Rizzello
{"title":"A Cognitive Approach to Individual Learning: Some Experimental Results","authors":"M. Novarese, Salvatore Rizzello","doi":"10.4337/9781847201539.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847201539.00019","url":null,"abstract":"This study describe an experiment on individual learning in the domain of cognitive economics. The authors’ main goal is to observe and to describe how subjects elaborate rules and regularities in problem solving. Involved subjects are asked to choose between different scores related to an evaluation of some hypothetical exams. The game is repeated a wide number of times, sufficient to permit the emergence of accurately observable results. Results seem to show that subjects elaborate coherent rules in a path-dependent way; they manifest a tendency to consolidate these rules also when they are aware that they are wrong; and, at the same time, they exhibit an opposite predisposition not to confirm some rights rules.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132087477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Quality Control Versus Innovation in Research on Marketing 营销研究中的质量控制与创新
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.1995.9964377
J. Armstrong
{"title":"Quality Control Versus Innovation in Research on Marketing","authors":"J. Armstrong","doi":"10.1080/0267257X.1995.9964377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.1995.9964377","url":null,"abstract":"Brownlie and Saren (this issue) claim that “few innovative papers appear in the top marketing journals.” They attribute this problem to incentive structures. They ask what steps might be taken by the various stakeholders to encourage the development and transmission of useful innovative ideas. Presumably, this means findings that might contribute to better practices in marketing management. I address the first two issues (the problem and why it occurs) by using empirical search by myself and others. 1 then speculate about the third issue-procedures for improving the publication prospects for useful innovations.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126691317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Return Postage in Mail Surveys: A Meta Analysis 邮资调查:元分析
General Economics and Teaching Pub Date : 1987-06-20 DOI: 10.1086/269031
J. Armstrong, E. Lusk
{"title":"Return Postage in Mail Surveys: A Meta Analysis","authors":"J. Armstrong, E. Lusk","doi":"10.1086/269031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/269031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a five-step procedure for meta-analysis. Especially important was the contacting of authors of prior papers. This was done primarily to improve the accuracy of the coding; it also helped to identify unpublished research and to supply missing information. Application of the five-step procedure to the issue of return postage in mail surveys yielded significantly more papers and produced more definitive conclusions than those derived from traditional reviews. This meta-analysis indicated that business reply postage is seldom costeffective because first class postage yields an additional 9% return. Business reply rates were lower than for other first class postage in each of the 20 comparisons.","PeriodicalId":379945,"journal":{"name":"General Economics and Teaching","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122212841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 131
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