Attributing Excellence in Medicine最新文献

From Global Recognition to Global Health: Antimicrobials and the Nobel Prize, 1901–2015 从全球认可到全球健康:抗微生物药物与诺贝尔奖，1901-2015

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_006

S. Podolsky

引用次数: 1

The Laureate in the Spotlight: Renato Dulbecco and the Public Image of Science 聚光灯下的获奖者:雷纳托·杜尔贝克与科学的公众形象

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_010

M. Bucchi

引用次数: 0

More Than a Prize: The Creation of the Nobel System 不只是一个奖项:诺贝尔奖制度的创立

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_004

Gustav Källstrand

引用次数: 1

Hitler’s Boycott: Cultural Politics and the Rhetoric of Neutrality 希特勒的抵制:文化政治与中立修辞

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_005

S. Widmalm

引用次数: 0

John C. Eccles’ Conversion and the Meaning of ‘Authority’ 约翰·埃克尔斯的皈依与“权威”的意义

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_009

F. Sio, N. Hansson, Ulrich Koppitz

{"title":"John C. Eccles’ Conversion and the Meaning of ‘Authority’","authors":"F. Sio, N. Hansson, Ulrich Koppitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004406421_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004406421_009","url":null,"abstract":"Robert K. Merton’s tentative taxonomy of the ‘instructively ambiguous’ categories of ‘excellence’ and ‘recognition’ features the Nobel Prize as an example of the couple ‘excellence as performance/recognition as honorific’.1 In this connection, Merton raises the problem of what the performance to be recognised should look like. In the sciences, he concludes, the single achievement (as opposed to ‘life-work’2) seems to be the standard, although what this means is far from self-evident. Alfred Nobel’s three famous criteria for a prize-worthy achievement (‘recency’, ‘benefit to mankind’ and ‘discovery’) have equally proven difficult to handle, requiring progressive adjustments (see the Introduction to this volume). In situations of real-life complexity, Merton’s taxonomy of ‘recognition’ and ‘excellence as performance’ shows its analytical limit, as do Nobel’s criteria. Even in early, apparently simple, cases of undivided awards, the stumbling block of the ‘individual discovery’ had made itself perspicuous, as shown by the lengthy debate over Ivan Pavlov’s3 or Paul Ehrlich’s award,4 demonstrating how problematic the ‘snapshot’ conception of discovery can be. One is here reminded of Roland Barthes’ concept of ‘punctum’,5 ‘[the] element which rises from the scene, shoots out of it like an arrow, and pierces [us]’. The ‘punctum’ is what commands our attention and makes us notice an image. This event, however, can only be perceived as such within the less perspicuous framework of an educated and idiosyncratic approach, which he calls ‘studium’, and is the ‘application to a thing [...] a kind of general, enthusiastic commitment, but without special acuity’.6 Transposed to the problem at hand, the ‘punctum’ can be abruptly translated as ‘(beneficial) discovery’, whereas ‘studium’ becomes the set of conditions that makes the achievement recognised as a great","PeriodicalId":379777,"journal":{"name":"Attributing Excellence in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125882443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Discovery or Reputation? Jacques Loeb and the Role of Nomination Networks 发现还是声誉?雅克·勒布和提名网络的作用

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_007

H. Fangerau, T. Halling, N. Hansson

{"title":"Discovery or Reputation? Jacques Loeb and the Role of Nomination Networks","authors":"H. Fangerau, T. Halling, N. Hansson","doi":"10.1163/9789004406421_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004406421_007","url":null,"abstract":"A 2015 contribution to the Journal of the American Medical Association (jama) raised the question of why American Nobel Laureates outnumber those of any other nativity.1 Times are changing. About 100 years ago, when the Prize was quite new, the same journal asked why only European scientists were acknowledged.2 At that time, U.S. medical journals praised the Nobel Prize as ‘the ideal method of encouraging the best scientific research’3 and used it as a yardstick for other medical honours. Commentators repeatedly bemoaned that American research ‘of fundamental importance’4 had been disregarded. Whether for the prize money (corresponding to about one million usd) or the international competition in science and medicine, the Prize was perceived as a coveted trophy right from its inception.5 It is not as if Americans did not nominate domestic candidates. In fact, jama even published calls to name Walter Reed and James Carrol for their investigations into yellow fever.6 However, another American candidate would eventually come to play a larger role in the nomination cycle. The physiologist Jacques Loeb (1859–1924) was, according to the Nomination Database of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, nominated 78 times between 1901 and his death,7 which makes him one of the most nominated scholars in the first half of the 20th century.8 Nevertheless, Loeb was, as Robert Merton phrased it in his classical paper on the Matthew effect, an occupant of the ‘41st chair’.9","PeriodicalId":379777,"journal":{"name":"Attributing Excellence in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129276721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Defining ‘Cutting-edge’ Excellence: Awarding Nobel Prizes (or not) to Surgeons 定义“前沿”卓越:授予(或不授予)诺贝尔奖给外科医生

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_008

N. Hansson, David S. Jones, T. Schlich

引用次数: 9

Commemorating Excellence: The Nobel Prize and the Secular Religion of Science 纪念卓越:诺贝尔奖与科学的世俗宗教

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_003

J. Duffin

引用次数: 0

Nobel Prize Awarded Discoveries and Commercialization: The Role of the Laureates 诺贝尔奖授予的发现和商业化:获奖者的角色

Attributing Excellence in Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004406421_011

P. Mattsson, Katarina Nordqvist

引用次数: 0