Marque and Reprisal最新文献

DEFINING THE SPHERES OF WAR 确定战争的范围

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.5

引用次数: 0

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 致谢

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.3

引用次数: 0

DEFINING THE BALANCE IN A REVOLUTION AND THE CONSTITUTION 在革命和宪法中定义平衡

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.8

引用次数: 0

PRIVATE WAR: 私人战争:

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.6

Brook Prude, Matthew HeinemanStarring, Rosamund Pike, T. Hollander, J. Dornan, Stanley Tucci, P. Conroy

引用次数: 1

PRIVATE AND PUBLIC WAR IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD AND BEYOND 大西洋内外的私人和公共战争

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.7

引用次数: 0

CONCLUSION: 结论:

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.11

引用次数: 0

Back Matter 回到问题

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.15

引用次数: 0

THE RETURN AND RETREAT OF PRIVATE FORCE FOR PROFIT 为了利润的私人力量的回归和退却

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.9

引用次数: 0

INDEX 指数

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.14

引用次数: 0

THE PRIVATIZATION OF WAR 战争的私有化

Marque and Reprisal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.10

Jóhann Ásmundsson

{"title":"THE PRIVATIZATION OF WAR","authors":"Jóhann Ásmundsson","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zhqc.10","url":null,"abstract":"The reemergence of private enterprise in warfare is an uncontested reality. Since the Peace Treaties of Westphalia in 1648, the nation-state has in praxis held monopoly of organized violence. Eric J. Hobsbawm predicted in the year 1999 that the use of private enterprise in warfare would increase in the near future and, that it would potentially change warfare in fundamental ways. This thesis is an assessment of the operation of private military companies (PMC), since Hobsbawms predictions, and the way in which this current reality, mostly revolving around the war in Iraq and the U.S.led War on Terror, has changed the ways in which war has been fought. The basis for private enterprise in warfare is examined, also the source of the apparent acceleration and the increasing scale, in the use of PMC’s in the time period from 1999 2007. The global market for force is on the rise mainly in connection to the War on Terror. Further the potential effects, that the increased reliance on PMC’s can have on the deployment of military force, are assessed and three main issues and questions are raised in that regard: a) democracy; “Who decides?” b) Control of force; “Who controls what?” c) The legitimacy; “What laws apply?” The conclusion is, that there has been a significant increase in the use of PMC’s in the period from the year 1999 to the year 2007. a) The decision-making process on the use of force is being shifted directly from democratic control of national assemblies to the executive branch only, and even worse, indirectly to the boardroom meetings of global conglomerates. b) The control of force has been defused and loss of control is evident. c) The legal frame is at the best ambiguous, crimes are not reported and indictments are rare. Útdráttur: Einkaframtak í stríðsrekstri er ein birtingarmynd þess frjálsræðis er ríkir í markaðshyggju nútímans. Allt frá friðarsamningunum í Westfallen 1648 hefur þjóðríkið í raun haft einkaleyfi á skipulögðu ofbeldi. Eric J Hobsbawm sá fyrir sér árið 1999 aukna þátttöku einkaaðila í stríðsátökum í sinni nánustu framtíð, og að sú aukna þátttaka myndi breyta í grundvallaratriðum öllum stríðsrekstri. Í þessari ritgerð verður leitast við að meta hvort að framtíðarsýn hins virta sagnfræðings Erics Hobsbawm hafi orðið að veruleika. Herverktakar eru einkarekin fyrirtæki sem þjóna þeim hlutverkum sem herinn sjálfur hefur haft með höndum (e: private military companies). Þessi fyrirtæki blómstra í þeirri miklu bylgju einkavæðingar og útboða til herverktaka, að miklu leyti í tengslum við stríðið í Írak, sem að Ísland er þátttakandi í, og stríðið gegn hryðjuverkum, sem Íslenska ríkisstjórnin hefur stutt dyggilega. Herverktakar hafa hreiðrað um sig á Íslandi, sem segir sögu mikillar þenslu í þessum iðnaði eyðingar. Bakgrunnur einkaframtaks í stríði er skoðaður og grennslast er fyrir um upptök þenslunnar í atvinnugreininni. Auk þess verður skoðað hvernig einkavæðingin fellur saman með: a) Lýðræði, b) Virkni og stjórn hernaðaraðgerð","PeriodicalId":379619,"journal":{"name":"Marque and Reprisal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122149524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6