Water and Sustainability最新文献

Comparison of Water Resources Community Self-Management Mode between China and Tanzania 中国与坦桑尼亚水资源社区自我管理模式比较

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84194

Dan Li, Mngereza Mzee Miraj

{"title":"Comparison of Water Resources Community Self-Management Mode between China and Tanzania","authors":"Dan Li, Mngereza Mzee Miraj","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84194","url":null,"abstract":"Due to limited rainfall and uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, water has become a restraining factor in agriculture and livestock production of China and Tanzania. As it is most considered as common-pool resource, the management of water resources is a complex issue in agricultural and pastoral industry. Traditional water management modes include nationalization and marketization, but complete mar- ket-oriented or government management could not reach the sustainable use of water resource due to nonexclusive and interconnected features of water. Therefore, China and Tanzania introduced water resources community self-management in rural arid areas. Farmers as resource users in community conducted mutual supervision and mutual ben- efit to realize reasonable, fair, and sustainable use of water resources. However, commu nity self-management is restricted by formal institution from the government of China, and Tanzania’s community self-management relies on the financial and technical support from foreign NGOs; the communities’ ability to obtain benefit needed to be improved. We compare water resources community self-management mode in China and Tanzania through case studies, put forward the differences of self-management mode in two countries, and analyze the characteristics of successful water resources community self-management mode.","PeriodicalId":378141,"journal":{"name":"Water and Sustainability","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114203178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introductory Chapter: Water Sustainability in a Dynamic World 导论章:动态世界中的水可持续性

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85150

P. T. Chandrasekaran

引用次数: 0

A Call to Cities: Run Out of Water or Create Resilience and Abundance? 对城市的呼吁:水资源枯竭还是创造弹性和富足?

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2019-03-04 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82853

W. Sarni, J. Sperling

{"title":"A Call to Cities: Run Out of Water or Create Resilience and Abundance?","authors":"W. Sarni, J. Sperling","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82853","url":null,"abstract":"New management choices, with new approaches to urbanization and integrated water- energy-food management, are emerging as critical to combat water stress. Urban strategies and tactics are explored in this chapter with a focus on scaling effective solutions and approaches. This includes a focus on small, modular, and integrated water-energy-food hubs; off-grid and localized “circular economy” services that are affordable, accessible, and reliable; blended finance for new technologies, infrastructure and business models, strategic plans, and policies; and urban, behavioral, and decision sciences-informed deci - sions and new public-private-research-driven partnerships and processes. There are two key messages: first, business as usual could lead to “running out” of water where it’s needed most—in cities and for agricultural and industrial production. Second, “innova tors” and “early adopters” of market-based and data-driven efforts can help scale solu - tions led by people and communities investing in new ways to integrate urban water, energy, and food systems. The chapter concludes with discussion on a new, proactive “maturity” model, enabling integrated urban infrastructure systems, governance, and cross-sector innovation. This includes market-based and data-driven responses that first focus on improving quality of life, sustainability, and resilience of communities, bringing valued services via water-energy-food nexus decisions.","PeriodicalId":378141,"journal":{"name":"Water and Sustainability","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124827609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sustainable and Resilient Water and Energy Futures: From New Ethics and Choices to Urban Nexus Strategies 可持续和弹性的水和能源未来:从新的伦理和选择到城市联系战略

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2019-02-26 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82825

J. Sperling, W. Sarni

{"title":"Sustainable and Resilient Water and Energy Futures: From New Ethics and Choices to Urban Nexus Strategies","authors":"J. Sperling, W. Sarni","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82825","url":null,"abstract":"A safe, secure and affordable water future—for life, health, economy—are foundational outcomes from a new form of ethics for water stewardship and energy management. Current business as usual in water and energy systems have not led to sustainable, healthy nor resilient pathways for urban and rural communities alike. Today, an esti mated 400 million people live in cities with significant water shortages. This is while 25% of water is currently lost before even used in urban areas (up to 60% in some cities) due to aging infrastructure. In addition, on average, only 10% of wastewater is treated before returning to water bodies in developing countries. By 2040, more than 66% of the world’s populations could suffer from severe water shortages; and by 2050, an 80% increase in urban water demand (over current levels) may result in one billion city dwellers and 36% (one in three) of cities expected to face water crises. A crisis is often a catalyst for innovation and this chapter is a call to cities to enable strategic responses—moving away from legacy ‘siloed’ infrastructures, over-allocated water resources and emerging ethical dilemmas to integrated water- and energy-related urban nexus strategies. century, with both differences and similarities between cities. Proactive strategies and integrated responses focused on the growing number of cities at risk as frontlines for innova tion may continue to emerge. These examples also motivate questions for ongoing exploring of long-term impacts, using data to generate understanding on how best to help reduce costs, improve water security, modernize infrastructure assets, build resilience and ensure sustain able revenue models.","PeriodicalId":378141,"journal":{"name":"Water and Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131002565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Setting Up a Computer Simulation Model in an Arkansas Watershed for the MRBI Program 为MRBI计划在阿肯色州流域建立计算机模拟模型

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2018-11-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80902

Gurdeep Singh, M. Leh

{"title":"Setting Up a Computer Simulation Model in an Arkansas Watershed for the MRBI Program","authors":"Gurdeep Singh, M. Leh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80902","url":null,"abstract":"The Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (MRBI) program launched by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) aims to improve the water quality within the Mississippi River Basin. Lake Conway Point Remove (LCPR) water- shed, being one of the MRBI watersheds, is a potential candidate for evaluating the effectiveness of MRBI program. Recommended best management practices (BMPs) for LCPR watershed are pond, wetland, pond and wetland, cover crops, vegetative filter strips, grassed waterways, and forage and biomass planting. Before simulating these practices, it is essential to prepare the data needed for model setup to avoid the issue of garbage in, garbage out. This chapter focuses on detailed steps of preparing the data for model setup along with the calibration and validation of the model. The calibration and validation results were within the acceptable bounds. The results from this study provide the data to help simulate the MRBI best management practices effectively and prioritize monitoring needs for collecting watershed response data in LCPR. The model for at model and satisfactory by studies. Results from this study can be used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of MRBI-recommended agricultural BMPs for analyzing and improving in similar data-limited watersheds.","PeriodicalId":378141,"journal":{"name":"Water and Sustainability","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116000521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sustainability of Irrigation in Uzbekistan: Implications for Women Farmers 乌兹别克斯坦灌溉的可持续性:对妇女农民的影响

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79732

Elena Kim

引用次数: 5

Economic Instruments to Combat Eutrophication: A Survey 对抗富营养化的经济手段:综述

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79666

J. Terreaux, J. Lescot

引用次数: 0

Water, Ecosystem Dynamics and Human Livelihoods in the Okavango River Basin (ORB): Competing Needs or Balanced Use? A Review 奥卡万戈河流域(ORB)的水、生态系统动态和人类生计:竞争需求还是平衡利用?回顾

Water and Sustainability Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80554

K. Mosepele, W. Hambira, Goemeone E.J.Mogomotsi, P. K. Mogomotsi, O. Moses, MasegoDhliwayo, A. Makati, Bernice Setomba

{"title":"Water, Ecosystem Dynamics and Human Livelihoods in the Okavango River Basin (ORB): Competing Needs or Balanced Use? A Review","authors":"K. Mosepele, W. Hambira, Goemeone E.J.Mogomotsi, P. K. Mogomotsi, O. Moses, MasegoDhliwayo, A. Makati, Bernice Setomba","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80554","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater is essential to life, and its availability poses a significant challenge to devel - opmental needs and environmental sustainability globally. Due to increasing popula -tions, global water requirements have increased in the twentieth century, and the trend is similar in the Okavango River Basin (ORB). With a total annual flow of 11 km 3 , the ORB is characterised by a flood pulse regime that drives and supports a diverse eco- sociological system. The Okavango River is a potential water source for the develop ment of the semi-arid nation states of Botswana and Namibia. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that the water resource of this system is managed effectively to ensure water sustainability in the basin. Current water demand in the basin is less than 1% of the current total discharge, while projected demand over the next 10 years also falls below the total discharge. Moreover, the ORB is characterised by multi-functional use, where riparian communities have adapted to change hydrological conditions. While the ORB is relatively pristine, there are potential threats in this system, which can affect its water resources. We conclude that there is a need for a harmonised legislative framework in the basin to ensure that the ethos of water sustainability is maintained.","PeriodicalId":378141,"journal":{"name":"Water and Sustainability","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130768448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2