{"title":"Translation as Conceptual Reverberation: “Revolution” in Wales 1688–1937","authors":"M. Löffler","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on Reinhart Koselleck’s conceptual history, this essay traces the various words coined to convey the concept of revolution in Welsh in reaction to various moments of upheaval from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. Whereas at first writers opted for the positive adymchweliad (which had religious connotations suggesting a return to God) or the more neutral cyfnewidiad llywodraeth (a change of government), from 1797 on they began to use the more negative chwyldro, which evoked a dizzying circular movement. Chwyldro would go on to become the standard Welsh concept for revolution. As Marion Löffler shows, this semantic shift reflected a growing concern about the direction of the uprising following the attempted French invasion of Britain through Wales.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coda: Frederick Douglass and the Wild Songs of Revolution","authors":"M. Boyden","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Examining the writings of Frederick Douglass, Michael Boyden’s coda traces how the former slave’s political vision developed as he observed and came into contact with other revolutionary projects and events such as the fight for Irish liberation and the Revolutions of 1848, which echoed the antislavery struggle in the United States. The essay also points to future directions for research underscoring the importance of embodied practices in disseminating revolutionary ideas as, for example, in the reenactments performed in the “die-in” protests that have spread across the world in the wake of the murder of George Floyd.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121756570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enlightenment Tropes in French Popular Theater on the Haitian Revolution in the 1790s","authors":"Anja Bandau","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Anja Bandau’s chapter focuses on the French reception of the Haitian Revolution in two plays staged in Directory France: Pigault-Lebrun’s Le blanc et le noir (1795) and Béraud and Rosny’s Adonis ou le bon nègre (1798). Although the works belong to different genres – bourgeois drama and melodrama – and adopt different strategies, both seek to quell the violence of the uprising, drawing on Enlightenment discourse, staging improbable scenes of forgiveness and using sentimental tropes and the family romance to reconcile black and white characters. As Bandau shows, the events in Haiti are seen through the lens of the post-Terror period, which sought to avoid at all costs the bloody excesses of the recent past.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129398575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The Tranquil March of the Revolution”: German and German-American Reverberations of Mary Wollstonecraft’s Writings","authors":"A. Johns","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the reception of Mary Wollstonecraft’s work by German-speaking authors. Several of her books were translated into German by Friedrich Christian Weissenborn, a teacher at the Erziehungsanstalt, an innovative philanthropical school in Schnepfenthal founded by the pastor Christian Gotthilf Salzmann, whose Moralisches Elementarbuch (1783) Wollstonecraft had translated into English in 1790. In his introduction and footnotes to Weissenborn’s 1793–94 translation of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Salzmann attempts to tone down some of Wollstonecraft’s more radical feminist ideas and anti-aristocratic sentiment. In both his translations and his own writings, however, Weissenborn supports her views about women’s roles, though he emphasizes her gradualist vision of social change. Johns concludes by considering the reception of the work by the German-American Forty-Eighter Mathilde Franziska Anneke, who embraces Wollstonecraft’s more radical feminist ideas.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130629346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ribbons of Revolution: Tricolor Cockades Across the Atlantic","authors":"A. White","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Ashli White’s chapter focuses on one of the most important emblems of the French Revolution: the tricolor cockade. Small, cheap and portable, the French accessory quickly spread from the Old to the New World, where it almost immediately generated conflict. In the United States, disputes over tricolor or black cockades led to riots, and in Saint-Domingue, the emblem became associated with the abolition of slavery. Tracing the travels of two men who departed from Philadelphia in the 1790s – a Quaker bookseller who travelled to Montpellier and an indentured servant from the Indian subcontinent who escaped to Saint-Domingue – White draws attention to the ambiguity and instability of the cockade, which took on different meanings in different contexts. The icon could be a military emblem, a gesture of conformity, a sign of political conviction, or a depoliticized adornment, depending on the situation and the perspective of the observer.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125824986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Noble Turk: Estanislao de Cosca Vayo’s Grecia, ó la doncella de Missolonghi (1830) and the Spanish Response to the Greek War of Independence","authors":"Elizabeth Amann","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Elizabeth Amann’s essay considers the representation of the Greek War of Independence in a romantic novel published in Spain in 1830: Estanislao de Cosca Vayo’s two-volume Grecia, ó la doncella de Missolonghi. Although Spain had also experienced a liberal revolution in 1820, an absolutist regime had been reestablished in 1823 through French intervention, and discussion of the events in Greece was heavily censored. Cosca Vayo’s work seems to be the only original novel written in Spanish on the subject. It is unusual in that, unlike most European Philhellenic texts in which a white European man saves a Greek heroine from a sexually predatory Ottoman, its plot centers around a love story between a Greek woman and a Turkish man. Amann argues that this plot and Cosca Vayo’s vision of the uprising in general are colored by his view of Spain’s history of domination by a Muslim other.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114306392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reverberations of the Haitian Revolution: Media, Narratives and Political Debates, 1791–1863","authors":"Florian Kappeler","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Florian Kappeler’s chapter examines reactions to the Haitian Revolution in the German-speaking world. After the defeat of Napoleon’s army in 1803, discussion of the events in Haiti was heavily censored in France. In German-speaking countries, however, the events were debated in historico-political journals and later in historical monographs. As Kappeler shows, German writers focused primarily on three issues: racial equality, the potential economic impact of the abolition of slavery, and the question of whether the events in Haiti were simply an imitation of the French Revolution or an independent phenomenon. Although writers disagreed about these issues, the debates called into question the ideologies of racism, slavery and Eurocentrism in significant ways.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123704077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revolution in Colonial Translation: From Saint-Domingue to Haiti","authors":"J. Popkin","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Jeremy Popkin’s essay explores how French political concepts and discourse were appropriated in the Haitian Revolution and what was lost in translation. Its point of departure is the decision in 1793 by two representatives of the French Republic in Saint-Domingue to translate the 1685 Code Noir into Creole. Although this document, which reinforced the institution of slavery, was clearly at odds with the representatives’ revolutionary principles, it did guarantee certain rights and protections for the slaves. Popkin points to the many difficulties of translating ideas such as “liberty,” “rights” and “equality” into a colonial context, in which the slaves had very different political notions and the revolutionaries’ actions often contradicted their ideological principles.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127840906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pugachev Goes Global: The Revolutionary Potential of Translation","authors":"Malte Griesse","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481588.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter by Malte Griesse explores the reverberations of what was probably the most serious revolutionary event in eighteenth-century Europe before the French Revolution: the Pugachev Rebellion of 1773–75. This Cossack “uprising” was led by Emel’ian Pugachev, who posed as Peter III, the tsar who had been ousted and assassinated in 1762. After the rebellion was suppressed, Catherine the Great, Peter III’s widow and successor, attempted to silence all discussion of the events in Russia. She was unable, however, to control their reverberations abroad. Griesse examines two accounts of the uprising by foreign writers. The first is a 1775 biography of Pugachev in French (allegedly a translation of a Russian original) that represents the rebel as a cosmopolitan figure and Enlightenment reformer. The work serves both to critique despotism in France and to challenge Catherine II’s monopoly on Enlightenment discourse in Russia. The second text, which seems a reaction to the first, is an anonymous German account of the revolt, which depicts Pugachev as an illiterate brute. Griesse analyzes the contexts in which these works were published and traces how these representations were “retranslated” into Russian when the taboo began to be relaxed.","PeriodicalId":375088,"journal":{"name":"Reverberations of Revolution","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123882039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}