{"title":"Effect of Store Atmosphere on Consumer Purchase Intention","authors":"R. Hussain, Mazhar Ali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2588411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2588411","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed at identifying the effects of atmosphere on the consumer purchase intention in international retail chain outlets of Karachi, Pakistan. This was the first study, which investigated the collective impact of atmospheric variables at one point in time on purchase intention. This research was causal in nature. A sample of 300 consumers was taken who usually visited these outlets. Data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed through regression analysis. Research findings indicate that atmospheric variables such as cleanliness, scent, lighting, and display/layout have a positive influence on consumers’ purchase intention; whereas music and color have insignificant impact on consumers’ purchase intention. The temperature has almost no impact on the purchase intention of the consumers. This study has important implication for Practitioners and Academicians.","PeriodicalId":375031,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Internationalization (Market) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131111762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Relationship between Firm Size, Resources, Age at Entry and Internationalization: The Case of Slovenian SMEs","authors":"Mitja Ruzzier, Maja Konečnik Ruzzier","doi":"10.3846/16111699.2012.745812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.745812","url":null,"abstract":"Export marketing and international business literature support the view that firm size-a reflection of number of employees, and sales-is positively related to export intensity and is a distinguishing factor between internationalized and non-internationalized firms. According to the resource-based view heterogeneous resource profiles that enable firms to achieve competitive advantage in international markets may be also such differentiating factors. On the other hand, as a result of the process of globalization and the increasing number of born global firms, firm age at entry into foreign markets is becoming negatively related to internationalization. Our findings just partly confirm the trends above. Using a regression model on the selected sample of 247 Slovenian small and medium enterprises, we have confirmed the hypotheses that internationalized companies are significantly larger (in terms of sales) and have more specialized resources (human, organizational, and financial resources) than non-internationalized companies. Organizational and human resources and the number of employees were positively and significantly related, while the age of companies at the start of their international activities was negatively related, to the extent of companies' internationalization. Different implications and conclusions for researchers and entrepreneurs are derived.","PeriodicalId":375031,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Internationalization (Market) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125587616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marketing Across Different Cultures: A Case Study of UK, USA and India","authors":"A. Hammad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2676806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2676806","url":null,"abstract":"Culture has a significant effect on businesses operations; particularly the marketing mix of many Multinational Corporations (Schmidt, 2010). The aim of our report is to investigate the definition of culture, its source and its effect on the marketing mix of a company. Our study will centre on Whirlpool (a home appliance company coming out of the US) and three of the markets in which it operates in; India, UK and the home country USA (Whirlpool Corporation, 2012).As the company produces many products, our focus will be on washing machines. Theories around understanding culture and product analyses such as Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the seven P’s of marketing will be used to conclude what aspects of culture need to be studies carefully to successfully enter a new market.","PeriodicalId":375031,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Internationalization (Market) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125411816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Recognition of First Time International Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Evidence from Firms in Knowledge-Based Industries","authors":"Y. Chandra, Chris W. Styles, I. Wilkinson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2519947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2519947","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper aims to complement existing theories of internationalization by studying an important aspect which has been neglected in previous studies: the process of international entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. International market entry is conceptualized as an entrepreneurial, innovative act; and opportunity recognition consists of both discovery as well as deliberate and systematic search. Methodology: The methodology employed involves eight case studies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in knowledge-based industries in Australia. The unit of analysis is the “opportunity-firm” nexus. Findings: Firms with little or no prior international knowledge tend to make use of opportunity discovery rather than deliberate/systematic search. In contrast, firms with extensive prior international experience and knowledge were found to deliberately search and discover their first international opportunity. International opportunity discovery did not occur simply through serendipitous encounters with new information from networks or referrals but involved interpreting possible matches between pre-existing means (resources, skills, new technologies) and new ends (international markets) in a problem solving process. It favours those with the requisite prior knowledge and entrepreneurial orientation. Practical Implications: The study offers guidelines on what business practitioners and export promotion agencies can and cannot do to influence opportunity recognition process. Particular attention was paid to strategies to avoid costly deliberate search among resource-stricken SMEs. Originality/Value: This study introduces Knightian uncertainty and Kirznerian discovery as the conceptual cornerstones of internationalization that can help account for the lack of incrementalism and optimizing logic in internationalization among smaller firms.","PeriodicalId":375031,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Internationalization (Market) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114642954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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