{"title":"Friendship","authors":"M. Timmons","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190939229.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190939229.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers “On the most intimate union of love and respect in friendship”—Kant’s conclusion to the preceding Elements of Ethics comprised of duties to oneself and to others. Kant first describes the elements of an ideal friendship which, as ideal, cannot be realized by human beings, yet it can serve as a standard for evaluating human friendships. He then proceeds to describe the elements of humanly possible “moral friendships” that strive toward a balance of love and respect, pointing out the difficulties in achieving them. This chapter elaborates on Kant’s behalf these types of friendship. It then proceeds to discuss Kant’s appendix on the virtues of social intercourse and their role in moral life.","PeriodicalId":374803,"journal":{"name":"Kant's Doctrine of Virtue","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132423438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Science of Ethics","authors":"M. Timmons","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190939229.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190939229.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"In the introduction to The Doctrine of Virtue, Kant explains the bases for considering this doctrine a science. This involves articulating the principles that govern a scientific ethics and explaining how the science is organized. These matters are taken up in section 1, “The Science of Ethics” of this chapter. Kant also offers a justification of the supreme principle of morality pertaining to a doctrine of virtue as a doctrine of ends. This is the topic of section 2, “The Supreme Principle of the Doctrine of Virtue,” which Kant expresses as “Act according to a maxim of ends that it can be a universal law for everyone to have.” An interpretation of Kant’s argument is spelled out and criticized. The concluding section raises a looming worry about Kant’s project of grounding an entire system of duties in the supreme principle, namely, that the principle lacks enough content to serve as the basis for genuine derivations.","PeriodicalId":374803,"journal":{"name":"Kant's Doctrine of Virtue","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126498742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imperfect Duties to Oneself","authors":"M. Timmons","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190939229.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190939229.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers both the imperfect duties of natural and moral self-perfection and the positive duties of conscience and moral self-scrutiny—these latter duties partly constitutive of the duty of moral self-perfection. Regarding the duty of conscience, the following questions are addressed: 1. What is conscience—its nature and role in moral life? 2. How is conscience experienced? 3. Can it be mistaken? 4. What are the duties of conscience and how are they justified? 5. What is the connection between conscience and blameworthiness? The duty of moral self-scrutiny foregrounds the moral importance of sincerity and impartiality in assessing one’s moral character. The chapter also explores the fundamental duty of moral self-perfection and Kant’s puzzling claim that it is both narrow and perfect yet also wide and imperfect. Also discussed are Kant’s views on the ethical treatment of animals, concluding with remarks on Kant’s moral teleology.","PeriodicalId":374803,"journal":{"name":"Kant's Doctrine of Virtue","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123308503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perfect Duties to Oneself as an Animal Being","authors":"M. Timmons","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190203368.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190203368.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the category of duties to oneself as an animal being: duties to avoid suicide and forms of self-mutilation, sexual self-abuse, and drunkenness and gluttony. Kant’s arguments for the claim that each of these types of action is morally wrong appeals to the “humanity formula” of his supreme principle of morality (the categorical imperative). Importantly, the role of teleology in some of Kant’s arguments is discussed and a distinction between ‘natural’ and ‘moral’ teleology is introduced. The chapter argues that while Kant mentions the natural purpose of one’s sexual powers in his argument against sexual self-abuse, his argument does not depend on it. However, as explained in later chapters, Kant’s ethics does rely on appeals to moral teleology, referring to the moral end of self-perfection.","PeriodicalId":374803,"journal":{"name":"Kant's Doctrine of Virtue","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123908144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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